IF OUR UNIVERSE TEEMS WITH LIFE, WHERE ARE ALL THE INTELLIGENT SPACE ALIENS?

Our universe is mind-boggingly vast. The best estimates claim it’s about 92 billion light-years wide and around 13.82 billion years old. Cosmologists say there are trillions of galaxies holding quadrillions of stars, never mind quintillions of planets interwoven throughout the sky.

That’s a sextillion of combinations—exceeded only by the Avogadro’s number (6.02214076 × 1023) of mistakes I’ve made during 68 revolutions around the sun. Seriously, though, principles like the Fermi Paradox and the Drake Equation assure us that biological life exists elsewhere in the universe, but there may not be much “intelligent” life out there. That conclusion is supported by the space-breaking astrobiology work of Professor Sara Seager with her thought-leading, biosignature model of hunting out exoplanets containing extraterrestrial life.

Fermi? Drake? Seager? Who are these guys? What do they know about extraterrestrial bio-lifeforms in relation to your Earthly place in the universe? And where are they—these intelligent space aliens—that astrophysical calculators say have to exist?

Maybe it depends on your definition of life and intelligence. We’ll get to that in a moment. First, let’s look at the history of Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) programs and two recorded, unexplained, electromagnetic contacts that just may have been sent by ET.

Starting the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence

SETI began more as an amusement than a serious scientific venture. In August 1924, a natural celestial event coincided with an advancement in human technology. Mars was in its closest orbit with Earth—a condition called an opposition—and it attracted a lot of astronomical interest, even with amateurs now equipped with rather sophisticated telescopes.

Radio transmitters and receivers had enormously increased in output power and input sensitivity. David Peck Todd, an American astronomer, had been experimenting with the new SE950 radio which was invented at the end of World War I. It never saw active service and was now surplus to the civilian market. Todd and Charles Francis Jenkins, a photographer and inventor, teamed up to point the radio at Mars and record if anything returned.

This experiment interested the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington that offered a Navy observation dirigible (airship) to take the SE950 antenna two miles into the sky so it would have less impact from terrestrial interference. They pointed the antenna at Mars, and what they found shocked the world.

The radio’s receiver was connected to a graph which recorded a repetitive series of dots and dashes somewhat like Morse Code. When printed on paper, the code became a human face. The signal from Mars suddenly stopped and was never heard again.

The SE950 Radio

Sensing human interference or even a prank, Todd and Jenkins had their experiment reviewed by Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi. These two pioneers of electricity and radio dismissed the human element, verified the signal as real, but suggested it didn’t necessarily originate on Mars. They surmised the message possibly came from the same region of the sky but much further out.

The “Mars Face” ignited a century-long search for alien intelligence. It also created the overall space race which resulted in Sputnik, Apollo Eleven, and the poor saps currently marooned on the International Space Station caused by a broken Boeing rocket. It also funded exponential generations of publicly and privately funded SETI projects.

One venture, the Ohio State SETI Big Ear program, paid off on August 15, 1977. Jerry Ehman, a project volunteer, was shifting through signal records and spotted an abnormality that fit perfectly with a technological output—not something that could possibly originate in nature.

The signal arrived in the frequency of hydrogen atoms which is the common denominator researchers monitored. The reason being is that hydrogen might be the universal frequency used among advanced civilizations for interstellar communication. The signal’s imprint was 6EQUJ5 which means SFA to you and me, but to a trained eye like Ehman’s it was so outstanding that he wrote “WOW!” beside it in bold red letters.

The WOW! signal needs a bit of explaining to understand its relevancy. In SETI-speak, the signal started out at an intensity of 6—already an outlier on the page—climbed to E, then to Q, peaked at U—the highest power ever recorded by any SETI search— then decreased in equilibrium through J and signed off at 5.

This signal invigorated the SETI industry and still drives it today. Most researchers and learned scientists feel WOW! remains the strongest candidate for an intentional alien transmition. Alas, the signal was never recorded again but has no reasonable earthly or natural explanation.

The SETI experiment from 1960 onward is so comprehensive that entire books have been written documenting the process. And the fascination hasn’t waned despite hiccups in funding. Today, in 2024, there is a hyperdrive movement in SETI experiments with an alliance between the Breakthrough Listen and National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) at the Very Large Array in New Mexico.

The new venture’s name is COSMIC which stands for Commensal Open-Source Multicode Interferometer Cluster. (Someone really had to work to come up with that acronym.) COSMIC is AI-powered by supercomputers and will be able to process billions of intercepts in real-time, not like in 1977 when the WOW! signal surfaced days after transmission/reception.

The Drake Equation

1960 was a pivotal year for SETI expansion. David Drake was a young astronomer attached to Project OZMA at the NRAO Howard Tatel telescope in Green Bank, West Virginia. Drake was a brilliant man who looked for simple solutions to complex problems. He was invited to present at the National Academy of Sciences about the current state of SETI exploration.

Drake knew he was going to get the “What’s the chances” question, so he sat down and tried to figure it out mathematically. The answer being an estimate of the number of active, communicative, extraterrestrial civilizations in our Milky Way galaxy. (Note: All SETI explorations focus solely on the Milky Way, not distant galaxies.)

David Drake considered factors such as the rate of star formation, the fraction of stars that could have planets, the number of planets that could support Earth-like life, the fraction that develop intelligent life, the number of societies that have reached technological advancement to communicate interstellarly, and the number that have survive to be currently active. His equation gave the answer of 23. See screenshot below:

The Drake Equation is still the gold standard that drives SETI credibility. It’s a formula taught at the beginning of every Astronomy 101 course and is considered the second most famous scientific equation besides E=MC2.

The Fermi Paradox

So, if David Drake is right, and there are 23 Milky Way civilizations capable of communicating with us, why don’t we hear from them? Where are all the intelligent space aliens? This question is the Fermi Paradox.

In 1950, Italian physicist Enrico Fermi was working on an offshoot of the Manhattan Project where they were building a civilian nuclear reactor. He was having lunch with colleagues when he suddenly blurted out, “Where are they? Where is everybody?”

His associates looked at Fermi as if he had two heads until he qualified with, “I mean the aliens. If the universe is teeming with life and there are intelligent beings out there, where are they? Why haven’t we seen or heard evidence of them?”

Fermi had a good point. If Drake is correct, and there are 23 societies outside of Earth, why haven’t we seen or heard evidence of them? Set aside the two strong candidates from 1924 and 1977. It’s a paradox. If they exist, why don’t they show themselves as we here on Earth so desperately do?

In SETI-speak, the Fermi Paradox is “The Great Silence”. The paradox expands the contradiction with possible explanations:

  • The Vastness of the Universe minimizes the chances of contact.
  • The Age of the Universe limits civilization lifespan to coexist at the same time.
  • The Rare Earth Hypothesis says that intelligent life is exceedingly rare.
  • The Great Filter says that advanced societies are filtered out by natural forces.
  • Technological Self-Destruction eliminates complex civilizations.
  • Intentional Invisibility says these alien intelligences don’t want outside contact.
  • The Zoo Hypothesis posits that aliens are very much aware of us and watch.
  • The Simulation Hypothesis questions if we are a programmed simulation.
  • The Dark Forest Hypothesis says they’re there; we just can’t see them.
  • The North Sentinel Language Hypothesis claims we’re unable to understand them.

Stephen Webb wrote an interesting book titled If the Universe Is Teeming with Aliens … WHERE IS EVERYBODY? Seventy-Five Solutions to the Fermi Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life. Some of Webb’s suggestions are pretty far out, but it’s worth the read if you really want to think out the Fermi Paradox.

The Sara Seager Answer

Someone who really has thought out the Drake Equation and the Fermi Paradox is Professor Sara Seager. She’s the uber-bright, planet-hunting, astrobiologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where she uses the new James Webb telescope to identify exoplanets with Earth-like conditions. So far, Seager has found over 5,000 probables in pretty much every place she’s looked.

Professor Seager is convinced the universe is teeming with life—biological life—not necessarily intelligent life capable of signaling. She suggests the SETI folks are looking at this wrong. Rather than randomly look for radio technosignatures, searches should be zooming in on biosignatures to find out first if life is there and then scan for intelligent emissions.

Seager and her team look for the chemical signs of oxygen, hydrogen, and methane coming from exoplanets. These are the primary indicators of carbon-based life, and they seem to be exceedingly common in the Goldilocks Zone which is the right distance from the host star to allow liquid water. Seager’s approach is to first find the life, then listen to hear if it has anything to say.

Sara Seager has rewritten the Drake Equation for a more modern approach. Her conservative calculation is that we’ll find at least two inhabited planets within the next ten years. “It’s only a matter of when,” Seager says. “Not if.”

Then it’s a matter of asking, “If our universe teems with life, where are all the intelligent space aliens?”

SET YOURSELF UP TO ENJOY THE PASSAGE OF TIME

This post is part of a new direction at Dyingwords.net where I find lifestyle topics that interest and resonate with me in my Stoicism journey, and I think they might do the same with you. These posts aren’t sent out on my bi-weekly mailing list notification every second Saturday morning. Rather, I just publish them on the blog and if they’re found, they’re found. Sort of like notes to myself with attributions to the originator.

I get a weekly newsletter from Shane Parrish who hosts Farnam Street which I think is one of the best motivational and introspective sites on the internet. This morning his podcast guest was Brian Halligan, the founder and CEO of HubSpot. During their conversation, Brian mentioned a quote by music legend, James Taylor. It went, “The secret to life is to enjoy the passage of time.”

Talk about powerful. I Googled the phrase and found this short piece on The Daily Quoter Substack. With full attribution to the host, here’s what they said:

James Taylor, the iconic singer-songwriter known for his introspective lyrics and soothing melodies, once penned a line that has resonated with generations: “The secret of life is enjoying the passage of time.” While seemingly simple, this statement holds immense depth and offers a powerful perspective on how to approach our often-fleeting existence.

Taylor’s message isn’t about hedonism or chasing fleeting pleasures. It’s about cultivating a deeper appreciation for the present moment, the very act of being alive, and the ever-changing tapestry of experiences that make up our life journey. It’s a gentle nudge to shift our focus from the anxieties of the future and regrets of the past to the vibrant possibilities unfolding right now.

But how do we truly “enjoy the passage of time”? Here are some key takeaways from Taylor’s wisdom:

Embrace the Present

We often get caught up in planning for the future or dwelling on the past. However, the only moment we truly have control over is the present. Mindfulness practices like meditation or simply focusing on our five senses can help us anchor ourselves in the here and now, appreciating the sights, sounds, and sensations around us.

Find Joy in the Everyday

Taylor reminds us that “any fool can do it.” Enjoying the passage of time doesn’t require grand adventures or expensive outings. It can be as simple as savoring a cup of coffee, noticing the beauty of a sunset, or connecting with loved ones in meaningful conversations. Cultivating gratitude for these everyday moments fosters a sense of contentment and appreciation for the simple joys of life.

Let Go of Control

The human tendency is to control everything, but the reality is that life is inherently unpredictable. Accepting this and learning to flow with the changes, both expected and unexpected, can significantly reduce stress and allow us to find joy in the unfolding journey.

Find the Ride in the Glide

Taylor uses the metaphor of “sliding down a hill” to describe our journey through life. We might not know where we’re headed, but we can choose to enjoy the ride! This perspective encourages us to embrace the adventure, bumps and all, and find amusement and wonder in the unknown.

Open Your Heart and Connect

While Taylor primarily focuses on individual enjoyment, true fulfillment often comes from connecting with others. Opening our hearts to love, compassion, and genuine connection adds another layer of richness to the experience of life.

Ultimately, James Taylor’s “secret” isn’t a secret at all. It’s a gentle reminder to slow down, appreciate the present, and find joy in the ordinary. By adopting this perspective, we can transform our everyday experiences into a meaningful and fulfilling journey, one moment at a time.

And to quote Brian Halligan, “Set yourself up to enjoy the passage of time.”

 

REPAIR AND REMAIN—HOW TO DO THE SLOW, HARD, GOOD WORK OF STAYING PUT

This post is part of a new delivery for Dyingwords.net. It’s not sent out in my bi-weekly email, rather it’s a post about life and relationships that followers can discover on their own. From the start of Dyingwords.net, thirteen years ago and over 400 articles, the tagline has been “Provoking Thoughts on Life, Death, and Writing”. That hasn’t changed. However, most of my posts are/were on the death side of things when, at this stage, I’m thinking more about the life side of things.

Two things brought about this post. One is a thought leader named Sahil Bloom who linked the content of this article originally written by Kurt Armstrong and published it on his website. I give full attribution to Mr. Armstrong. The other is a difficult period a dear friend is going through in their long time relationship.

I’ve never had anything like a real career, only a long and varied string of jobs. I grew up working on the family farm, and then had jobs as a roofer, a groundskeeper at a rural hospital, and a mineral-bagging-machine operator in an unheated feed mill one frigid Manitoba winter. I spent a year as a photographer and store manager in a tiny portrait studio just as digital cameras were beginning to consign film cameras to obsolescence.

I worked for three years as a barista at one of Vancouver’s top-rated independent coffee shops. I’ve been a magazine editor, a sessional lecturer in a couple of liberal arts schools, a glazier’s assistant, a mason tender, a plumber’s labourer, and a daycare worker. One winter I lived in a simple little cabin—no plumbing, no electricity—and I made homemade soap over a wood stove and sold it at craft sales. In my twenties and thirties, I spent many of my summers planting close to half a million trees on countless logging clear-cuts between Hyder, Alaska, and Dryden, Ontario.

And for twelve years now I’ve had a hybrid operation, juggling a one-man autodidact home-repair business and part-time lay ministry at a little Anglican church in Winnipeg. My basic MO in both roles is simple: repair and remain.

I don’t have the know-how to build you a brand-new house, but I can help fix pretty much anything in your old one. If you do, in fact, need a new house, I’ll send you to Francesco or Myron, or James and Fiona, all of them trustworthy builders and fine people. Odds are the house you’re in right now needs a few updates and minor upgrades, and I’d be happy to help with whatever you need done: add some new windows, open up some walls, replace the old basement stairs, tile the backsplash. Repair and remain.

Same with pastoring: no point thinking you need a brand-new life, but, well, let’s not kid around—you could use some serious updates and upgrades yourself.

Let’s say time comes to gut and renovate your bathroom: I can help you with that—demolition, framing, reworking the plumbing, moving some electrical, installing some mould-resistant drywall, maybe some nice tile for the floor and some classic glazed ceramic three-by-six subway tile for the tub surround. Should take a month or two, depending on what all’s involved.

And as for you, hey, for the sake of your wife and kids, I think you better quit the flurry of furtive late-night texts to the sexy young co-worker and cut back a bit on your recreational drinking because wine is a mocker, so goes the proverb, as if those Facebook posts of you at the bar last week weren’t proof enough.

Repair and remain. Work with what you’ve got. Sit still for a moment, take stock, make some changes. Big changes, if necessary.

David and Ruth called me once to unclog their bathroom sink. Someone had dropped a nail clipper into it a decade ago, but now the drain was rusted and when I went to loosen the nut, the steel sink cracked and split, but it was an old sink so I couldn’t find a matching one to replace it with, so that meant the old vanity had to go too, but that left an odd footprint on the curled, old linoleum, so then the flooring had to go too, and, well, if you’re going that far, you might as well put in a new tub. And so on.

You get the picture. Renominoes. In the end, a house call to help deal with a bathroom sink with a nail clipper jammed in it led to six weeks’ work and a bill in the teens with three zeros.

Last year, in the middle of the pandemic, a man I haven’t seen in more than fifteen years called me up to weep on the phone because he was having a difficult time loving his kids. He had started to feel resentment toward them because, he said, the kids had taken so much away from him he barely knew who he was anymore. “I called you because I knew you’d be gentle with me,” he said. That I can do.

Six years ago, a guy I barely knew cornered me after church and asked if I could meet him for breakfast, and when we met, he told me he was this close to walking out on his wife and kids. Since then, he and I have been meeting up every couple of months or so. Last year he told me he wouldn’t still be married if it weren’t for all those conversations over greasy bacon and eggs over easy. Well and good, I say, but the truth is he’s the one doing the hard work. He’s the one who’s got to live his life. All I have to do is buy breakfast, and sit, and listen.

Repair and remain.

That’s how I work, and it’s what I advise. I don’t know how things are going to turn out in your life or in your marriage or with your kids. Nobody does. Maybe it will all get a whole lot worse, who’s to say. But a brand-new house won’t fix your troubles any more than a fresh start with a fascinating new somebody will. Don’t tell me; I already know it would be easier to just cut and run, because I know how hard it is to live with other people, four of whom are also stuck having to live with brooding, melancholy me. I have planted spruce saplings on the steep, thorny, overgrown slopes of the Rocky Mountains in snowstorms in June.

I once heaved a three-hundred-pound cast-iron tub up and out the second-story window of an old house. And when I worked for a bricklayer, he and I took down a concrete-and-rebar-reinforced cinderblock wall with sledgehammers. But this—doing my best to be a loving husband and father in the trauma and tedium of the day-to-day—is without question the hardest thing I’ve ever done.

Over the past dozen years I have had hundreds of pastoral conversations, mostly with young men, about the challenges of family life. They tell me it’s exhausting, that there’s no more free time, that they’re having a hard time setting aside their dreams and wishes, that kids can be unbearably frustrating. I get it. They tell me that the marriage isn’t what it used to be, that they don’t really have anything in common anymore, that the passion’s gone, that she isn’t who she used to be, that the sex isn’t what it used to be, that they’re tired of all of it.

I sip my coffee and nod in agreement with every word. I understand. I feel it too. It’s the same at my house. Marriage is hard.

But when they say, “I’m thinking of leaving,” I think, Now hang on a sec. You had me right up to that last bit. Fine: you’ve changed; she’s changed; life has changed. And the kids—well, they’ve disrupted, interrupted, confronted, confounded, and otherwise fundamentally altered everything. All very, very hard. And yes, sometimes it feels impossible. I know what it’s like to feel trapped, and my wife undoubtedly knows what it’s like to feel trapped, because she’s stuck with me, the more irritable and moody ingredient in our marriage. But you’re thinking of leaving? What is that going to fix?

We have, all of us and to varying degrees, been duped by the sales pitches, the flashing cascade of advertisements traipsing through the sidebar. That jam-packed flow of ads is full of shiny new things, new techniques, new experiences that promise to finally alleviate the so-far insatiable, burning, lonely, primordial ache. Bono laments, “I still haven’t found what I’m looking for.” Springsteen cries out, “Everybody’s got a hungry heart.” k.d. lang bemoans the “constant craving.” Augustine says, “Our hearts are restless.”

I used to blame advertisers for that restlessness and dissatisfaction, but I don’t think that’s right. We were already restless; we always have been. The advertisers just figured out how to nurture, tend, exacerbate, and capitalize on the pre-existing condition, that innate restlessness, promising that something new is going to set all to rights. When the flashing sidebar connects that hand lotion, those hiking boots, a beach vacation, or some rugged SUV with satisfaction, joy, and inner peace, it sure feels like we’d be suckers not to buy it. And when that thing inevitably disappoints, we hardly even notice. There’s always something new to buy.

That narrative of elusive satisfaction isn’t just something we’re repeatedly being told; it is a story we’re literally buying into all the time. No surprise, then, that when our beloved to whom we once upon a time “pledged our troth” inevitably disappoints, we start thinking it might be time to get a new beloved.

That narrative of elusive satisfaction isn’t just something we’re repeatedly being told; it is a story we’re literally buying into all the time.

I have come to think that renovation work is not inherently a sign of fashion-driven, bourgeois, consumerist excess; that beauty is not superfluous; and that a good renovation is a good investment. Taking care of your house is a wise and pragmatic thing to do. The integrity of a house means that all the parts and systems work as a whole, from ridge cap to footing and everything in between. Roof trusses, studs, joists, shiplap, plumbing supply and waste, eaves, windows, flooring, faucets, switches: your house will function as a house when it is well built and well maintained. Integrity of form, function, usability, and beauty. If it’s poorly made, or when it starts to fall apart, the integrity of the whole thing suffers. Give it enough time and a leak in the roof or a leak from a drain will ruin the whole thing.

If you ignore the little things long enough, something as small as a nail clipper can make for two days of demolition and a trailer filled with an old sink, outdated vanity, faded linoleum, some lath and plaster, old plumbing, a thirsty old toilet, and so on. I can haul those few thousand pounds of junk to the landfill and rebuild your bathroom. But in the end, when it’s all put back together again, what you have will still be the spot to do the same basic grooming and human-waste disposal.

Pay attention and mind the details and you save yourself a lot of hassle and money. That slow corrosion that comes if you ignore the small, nagging troubles of your life has the potential to wreck a family the way a nail clipper can wreck a bathroom. And somebody’s going to pay for it, even if it isn’t you. Mostly it will be the kids, plus the ongoing emotional and spiritual costs divvied up among the friends, family, and community who witnessed your vows, who backed you as you struggled along, who loved you then and still love you now.

Because however it may sometimes seem that circumstance, fortune, and your exasperating spouse are conspiring to sabotage your happiness and peace of mind, the one certain, irrefutable common factor in all your circumstances is you. You are the bearer and carrier of grief, disappointment, frustration, and heartache, just as you are also the source of much of the same. So it goes.

I’ve said it more than once to some guy across the table who tells me he’s planning to leave his marriage: You should stay. Sit in the awful, agonizing sorrow of it all, and figure some things out. Your life is very hard. I know you’ve thought it through more than I can imagine; I know you’ve calculated the cost-benefit, weighed your options; and all that is fine and good. There is no way of knowing how this will play out in your very real life. Nobody can predict the future. Something has to give, yes. But it doesn’t need to be this. I think you should stay.

It’s a tough sell. I understand, because my undisciplined imagination, formed like everyone else’s by countless half-minute ads and building-sized billboards, frolics among fantastic, glamorous possibilities of something other than what I’ve already got. It’s a cornucopia of options, with countless cathedrals and priests promising salvation at the marketplace, be it a new app, new phone, new car, new house, new job, new city, or new spouse. The promise is always the same: this thing will make you happy. Never mind trying to fix what you’ve got. Just get a new one and start over.

Repair and remain sounds simple because it is. But simple is not the same as easy. “For better, for worse,” we say, and everyone likes to stay when it’s the better. But staying through the worse—that’s the whole point of the vow, for Christ’s sake.

Repair and remain sounds simple because it is. But simple is not the same as easy.

Mostly they do what they’ve already decided to do, and they leave. My track record for counselling couples to stick it out is pretty poor. I still think the better part of wisdom says stay. Endure. Wrestle. Suffer. Struggle. Keep working. Your heart is restless, my heart is restless, all our hearts are restless, “until they find their rest in Thee”—a rest that may well be found in full only after our death. So be it. Until then: stay.

Repair and remain.

Repair and remain.

Repair and remain.