United States President John F. Kennedy’s assassination is the mother of all conspiracy theories. There’s been more BS, crap and craziness written about JFK’s murder than all the stuff ever spewed out of Donald Trump’s yap. However, there’s one bizarre angle to the JFK murder story that’s true. Someone actually stole JFK’s preserved brain from the National Archives, and the real mystery is who.
The facts surrounding the JFK Assassination are fairly straightforward. On November 22nd, 1963 the 35th President of the United States was fatally shot while riding in an open limousine through Dealy Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. Three rounds were fired. The first missed. The second struck Kennedy in the upper back, exited through his throat and seriously wounded Governor John Connally who sat in front of the Commander-in-Chief. The third bullet hit President Kennedy in the back of his head and killed him.
Despite what conspiracy theorists want to believe, Lee Harvey Oswald—acting alone—triggered all three shots. Oswald was a seriously-troubled young man employed at the Texas School Depository building where he fired from the sixth floor—now known as the “sniper’s nest”. Lee Oswald used an inexpensive, military-surplus rifle he obtained through mail order and left it behind when he fled the scene.
It’s simply a case of a lone nut with a cheap rifle from a tall building or a crazy who brought his gun to work and shot the President. Oswald then killed a Dallas police officer who street-checked him and was later captured hiding in a movie theater. Then, Lee Harvey Oswald was murdered—fatally shot by another nut-job named Jack Ruby. This occurred in the basement of the Dallas PD headquarters in what was the biggest breach of security in the history of policing.
JFK’s missing brain story began at his autopsy at the U.S. Navy hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. Before getting to that strange-but-true tale, it’s important to know why the autopsy was done near Washington, D.C. and not in Dallas, Texas where the murder took place.
The bullets struck John Fitzgerald Kennedy at 12:30 p.m. He was in the emergency ward at Parkland Hospital within ten minutes where doctors hopelessly tried to save his life. They declared Kennedy dead at 1:00 p.m. and his body remained in the ER while authorities frantically tried to figure out what to do.
In 1963, there was no federal law regarding murdering the President of the United States. This was state jurisdiction under the Texas Penal Code, and the body possession / medical examination responsibility fell to the Dallas County coroner, Dr. Earl Rose. Rose worked at Parkland hospital and was nearby when Kennedy expired. Upon the declaration of death, Dr. Rose prepared to do a forensic autopsy which he was imminently qualified to do.
“No *#@$*#& way, Dr. Rose,” said the Kennedy team. “We’re getting the *bleep* out of Dallas right *#@$*#& now and Jack Kennedy’s coming with us.” A heated argument and physical scuffle arose as Dr. Rose blocked the door—backed-up by a Dallas police officer and a Justice of the Peace. On the Kennedy side were the Secret Service, led by Agent Roy Kellerman, and the president’s chief aid, enforcer and boyhood friend, Kenny O’Donnell.
Complicating matters was that about-to-be-sworn-in President Lyndon Johnson was terrified of a plot to kill them all. He, too, desperately wanted to get back to Washington’s safety. Air Force One sat ready at Love field which could have quickly swept Johnson away.
Except for one problem. Jackie Kennedy refused to leave her now-deceased husband in Dallas. She would not get on that plane without Jack, and there was no way Johnson wanted to be seen “abandoning a beautiful widow”. LBJ “et al” quickly worked a deal.
Dallas District Attorney Henry Wade got involved. He knew the law and knew it was an offense under the Coroner Act to remove a body from the State of Texas without the presiding coroner’s permission. That was not happening. Dr. Rose wasn’t about to give up the murder-victim-of-the-century, and D.A. Wade wanted to get out of the mess. Wade looked up the penalty for illegally removing (stealing) a body from Texas jurisdiction.
The fine was $100.00. Kenny O’Donnell had it in his wallet and forked over the hundred bucks to the J.P. With that, the president’s body was out the Parkland door, onto the plane and headed for home. That left the question of where to do the autopsy on the deceased U.S. President.
The new Johnson Administration thought it would be a nice touch to let the grieving widow decide. Jackie Kennedy, in a shocked and sickened state, thought that because “Jack was a Naval man” the autopsy should be done at the Navy facility in Bethesda. It seemed like a fitting touch.
President Kennedy’s body arrived at Bethesda Naval Hospital at around 8:00 p.m. EST. To say the scene was a circus or a gong show was apt. Two Naval doctors with pathology—not forensic—experience led the medical team. Once they realized gunshot wounds were out of their wheelhouse, they brought in a third doctor who’d seen and treated a lot of battlefield wounds.
Between them, they bungled and fumbled through JFK’s autopsy. Complicating matters and adding stress to a stressful situation, they performed before a total audience of thirty-two (32) individuals who came and went throughout the four-hour procedure. Some were assistants who had a reasonable role. Others were mere spectators who had absolutely no business being there.
Critics look at JFK’s postmortem exam as being the worst forensic autopsy ever conducted. That’s not entirely fair, as they mostly got it right. They concluded that JFK was shot twice. One in the back—the other in the head. Both bullets originated from behind and above the presidential limousine and (from later lab testing) both bullets came from Oswald’s 6.5 mm Italian Carcano rifle.
What they didn’t get right was the correct anatomical placement of the bullet entrance points on JFK’s body. They used flexible and non-precise reference points to place the wounds. This led to enormous speculation about shooter numbers and sniper locations. It’ll probably never end.
What the autopsy team did get precise was information about injuries to the president’s brain. The JFK autopsy report has been publicly available for decades. There’s no secret there. You can download it from the internet, and you can find the actual autopsy photos if you know where to look. Here’s what the pathologists had to say about JFK’s brain:
Supplementary Report of Autopsy Number A63-272 President John F. Kennedy
Gross Description of Brain
Following formalin fixation, the brain weighs 1500 grams. The right cerebral hemisphere is found to be markedly disrupted. There is a longitudinal laceration of the right hemisphere which is para-sagittal in position approximately 2.5 cm to the right of the midline which extends from the tip of the occipital lobe posteriorly to the tip of the frontal lobe anteriorly. The base of the laceration is situated approximately 4.5 cm below the vertex in the white matter. There is considerable loss of cortical substance above the base of the laceration, particularly in the parietal lobe. The margins of this laceration are at all points jagged and irregular, with additional lacerations extending in varied directions and for varying distances from the main laceration. In addition, there is a laceration of the corpus callosum extending from the genu to the tail. Exposed in this latter laceration are the interiors of the right lateral and third ventricles.
When viewed from the vertex, the left cerebral hemisphere is intact. There is marked engorgement of meningeal blood vessels of the left temporal and frontal regions with considerable associated subarachnoid hemorrhage. The gyri and sulci over the left hemisphere are of essentially normal size and distribution. Those on the right are too fragmented and distorted for a satisfactory description.
When viewed from the basilar aspect, the disruption of the right cortex is again obvious. There is a longitudinal laceration of the mid-brain through the floor of the third ventricle just behind the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies. This laceration particularly communicates with an oblique 1.5 cm tear through the left cerebral peduncle. There are irregular superficial lacerations over the basilar aspects of the left temporal and frontal lobes.
The supplementary autopsy report goes on to describe cross-section slides taken for microscopic inspection. It notes that no brain irregularities were identified outside of the catastrophic gunshot damage. The report also states that autopsy materials including photos were “delivered by hand to Rear Admiral George W. Buckley. MC, USN, White House Physician” who was President Kennedy’s personal doctor.
In layman’s terms, the JFK autopsy report describes massive trauma to the right side of the president’s brain. Nearly half of it was gone—blown away by the rifle bullet which can be graphically seen in Frame 313 of the infamous Zapruder film that captured the assassination. The other half was seriously damaged by the impact’s shock.
Conspiracy theorists like to destroy the JFK autopsy proceedings by pointing out what they see as inconsistencies like the report stating the brain weighed 1,500 grams. “Hang on,” the CTs say. “There’s lots of information on the net that says a typical adult human male’s brain weighs around 1,400 to 1,500 grams. So, JFK’s brain must have still been mostly intact… or, better yet, replaced at the autopsy to cover up something super-sinister like the shooter from the Grassy Knoll.”
Breathe easy, Conspiracy Theorists. The report clearly stipulates “following fixation in formalin” which is standard autopsy protocol. It’s not easy to cross-section a fresh brain and make thin slices for histology slides. Once a brain soaks in formalin (a formaldehyde-based solution) it becomes rubbery and workable. The process typically takes two to three weeks.
Formalin fixing amplifies tissue weight. It makes perfect sense that part of JFK’s brain fixed in formalin would weigh the same as a complete and non-fixed mass. Nothing to see here, CTs. Maybe keep on something like how Castro and the Mob cooperated to place multiple assassins around Dealy and let them pack up their guns then escape without evidence.
No, the real mystery in the JFK case is what actually happened to the president’s formalin-fixed brain after the autopsy, and how it disappeared from a locked vault at the United States National Archives in Washington, D.C.
John Kennedy’s body was released from the Bethesda morgue in the early morning hours of November 23, 1963. A funeral home team did the best they could to prepare the body for viewing. Privately, the Kennedy family saw the post-autopsy corpse, but the casket was never opened to the public.
President Kennedy’s burial took place on November 25th. Millions around the world watched the procession on TV, and many thousands lined the route from the U.S. Capitol to Arlington National Cemetery across the Potomac River in Virginia. Here, the fallen president was laid to rest—temporarily.
Back to the missing brain. There’s no transfer date on their report, but it’s likely the autopsy doctors gave the brain and related histology evidence to Dr. Buckley around the middle of December 1963. The brain and related tissue couldn’t be interred with Kennedy’s body along with the burial. So, that presented the issue of what to do with them, including the grotesque autopsy photos. The Kennedy family abhorred the thought of this gruesome material getting into public hands and being put on display like a side-show.
National Archive records confirmed they received the John Fitzgerald Kennedy autopsy materials in February of 1965. They were released to the Archives by Robert F. Kennedy’s signature, and that included the brain which was contained in a stainless steel receptacle. The effects were logged into the archives and stayed in safekeeping. That was until October 31st, 1966 when someone noticed President Kennedy’s brain and other tissues had vanished. Yes, it was Halloween, and someone had stolen them.
Meanwhile—unknown to the public—the Kennedy family prepared for President Kennedy’s permanent resting place. Somewhere in 1965, the family had Jack Kennedy exhumed and stored in a secure and secret location while they re-designed and built the Arlington grave site. They moved the grave slightly away from the original location and built a solid base that could withstand the millions of visitors who visited the shrine. That included a modern, natural gas eternal flame to replace the old and hastily-built propane torch along with granite flagstones brought in from New England.
In the middle of the night on March 14th, 1967 the Kennedy family re-interred JFK’s body in the new facility. Present were Jackie Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Edward (Ted) Kennedy and President Lyndon Johnson. Also re-interred were the two Kennedy children who died at birth and were moved from their Massachusetts burial spots to be placed with their father.
Nothing was said about the missing brain for years—publicly. The vast majority of citizens never knew it was gone, let alone being stolen. That cat came out of the bag during The JFK Assassination Records Review Board proceedings that took place between 1992 and 1998 which were only recently released under the 2016 Freedom of Information Act.
There, in the files of the 1977 Rockefeller Commission, was the answer as to who stole President Kennedy’s brain. This commission was the first official inquiry after the Warren Commission, and it formed to quell conspiracy rumors. Unfortunately, it probably did more harm than good just as what happened during the 1978 House Select Committee on Assassinations that concluded President Kennedy’s assassination was “probably the result of a conspiracy”. They based this erroneous conclusion solely on the bogus interpretation of a Dallas PD dispatch recording that allegedly caught four shots rather than three.
The Rockefeller Commission took evidence from United States Assistant Attorney General Burke Marshall and questioned him about the brain’s whereabouts. This is what Marshall told the commissioners:
“Robert Kennedy obtained and disposed of these materials himself, without permission or informing anyone else. He was concerned that these materials would be placed on public display and wished to dispose of them to eliminate such a possibility.”
No one will ever truly know where JFK’s brain is today. The most likely scenario is it was buried along with the president’s re-interred body in Arlington Cemetery. But, one thing’s for sure. It was Bobby Kennedy who stole it.
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This report sounds reasonable.. What always gave me the shivers was the shit-eating grin on LBJ face while on the plane. The Mrs. is facing the camera & he is behind her looking like he cant wait to give out some high-fives.
Thanks for dropping by, Donna. Yeah, I’m well aware of that Johnson pic – don’t know if the camera caught him in a compromising moment, but it sure doesn’t look good given the moment.
There are photos of a steel box or container that supposedly contained the brain and autopsy specimen slides of JFK at the re-internment of his burial vault in 1967.
You can seem photos here => https://lancer-lace.tumblr.com/post/102928011087/bev61-there-is-an-interesting-story-about-his
James Morrison finally replied in Quora in the thread “What Happened To JFK’s Brain” as follows:
“On March 14, 1967 the vault containing JFK was reinterned. Superintendent John Metzler of Arlington National Cemetery stated he was present during the nighttime operation and he never saw anything added to the vault. Upon the reliance of Superintendent Metzler, the government accepted that the Kennedy’s didn’t place the JFK’s brain at the President’s grave site reburial.”
Did RFK keep them as evidence for a later investigation? (Supposedly, he did comment quietly when campaigning for President that only the power of the Presidency would reveal the truth about his brother’s assassination). Who knows?
I also read somewhere but for the life of me, can’t recall where, that RFK had dumped JFK’s brain in a casket over the sea. God only knows.
But any debunking of conspiracy theories surrounding JFK’s brain do not prejudice or eliminate the doubts or questions about the Warren Commission Report and its conclusions.
I strongly disagree that there’s no shred of evidence of a conspiracy in the murder of JFK. The so-called evidence against Lee Harvey Oswald is questionable or flawed under close scrutiny or with the application of the rules of evidence (Commission Exhibit or CE 399, the “Magic Bullet”, would probably be inadmissible as its chain of custody fails – See article by Dr. Gary Aguilar and Josiah Thompson.). Also, there is a plethora of circumstantial evidence which could establish reasonabe doubt for Oswald.
The scholarly research and work of James DiEugenio, Dr. John Newman, Dr. Gary Aguilar, Josiah Thomspon , D.B. Thomas (who debunks the debunkers of the acoustical evidence), Michael T. Griffith, John Hunt , Dr. Cyril Wecht, and Barry Krusch, to name just a few, cast much doubt on the official version.
Conspiracy is not a theory. It’s a crime. The facts of this case can support that.
Thanks for the links to the re-interment photos, Gerry. I knew I’d seen them but couldn’t find them for this piece. The RFK “dumping the brain at sea” is new to me.
I’m not going to get into a CT debate… frankly, I’m tired of it all.
Wow, shocking on one hand, but on the other, it makes perfect sense. Thanks for teaching me something, Garry!
Hi Carolyn and thanks for stopping by with your comment. I’d heard the missing brain story a long time ago and I’m not sure what got me going on this today. Anyway, it’s quite the story and it’s true.
Fantastically written! Probably still the biggest mystery in the Western world, if you discount UFO’s and Bigfoot as plausible but unfounded, I wonder whether the “truth” will ever come out – time does not usually help in such matters, like Jack The Ripper, or the Zodiac Killer. Soon, anyone actually involved in this will be dead, and post-death revelations can’t be trusted since cross-examination is impossible.
So, it was either Oswald, or a cabal of conspiracy – or as Oliver Stone’s “JFK” posits, a combination of the two. A pretty good Gene Hackman movie in the 80’s called “The Package” gives a fictional scenario very similar to the JFK case.
Personally, I believe it was a conspiracy, the only real one of the 20th Century. But logic works against conspiracies; Holmes would argue that whatever is left is the truth. 9/11 and before that Pearl Harbor bring out the mistrust of government (well-founded when you consider there were no WMD’s or before that, babies taken from incubators in Kuwait), but maybe in the end things can really shifted by just one (or 19) lone nut determined to do evil and trade his life for that of the president – something even Kennedy acknowledged.
Thanks for reading and the nice compliment, Dan. I’m old enough to remember JFK’s murder and have followed this case from day 1. I used to believe in a conspiracy because that was pretty much all that was published. Once the internet came along, I downloaded the Warren Report and finally read it. That changed my mind along with by then having the police investigation experience to sniff out BS.
Over the years, there has not been one fact or shred of credible evidence supporting a conspiracy. I believe that’s because non-events leave no evidence. It didn’t happen any other way than an impulsive Oswald acting alone. In my opinion, there are only three unanswered mysteries in the JFK Assassination. First is Oswald is Oswald’s motive, and he took that to the grave with him. Second is what happened to the first shot that missed which I believe hit a traffic light and ricocheted. Third is what Oswald’s plan was after the murder. He was clearly trying to get away, and I think he might have been planning a hold-up to get money to get on a bus for Mexico.
But whatever the case facts, it is a true story that JFK’s brain disappeared from the National Archives, and I thought it makes for a good share.
I had heard about the missing brain but until now never read anything about the conclusion.
I am pretty much aligned with you on the view of a “conspiracy” and mostly because, like you, my experience in government leads me to believe that no one there is smart enough to organize such an elaborate plan, nor is it possible to maintain a cover-up if more than just a few people are involved. Loners can do so, as can fervent Jihadists, obviously. But in a largely open and free society, I think things are pretty much what they seem, fortunately, for better or worse. But better than a closed, totalitarian society for sure.
It would be interesting to know the outcome if Oswald had of lived and went to trial. He would have been convicted, for sure, but I wonder if he would have taken the stand. He sure loved to beak off about his views. Regardless, this was Texas in the 60s and he would have had a swift appointment with Old Sparky down in Huntsville.
Garry, you brought up the other loose end in your response: that Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby, who himself wasn’t around long as he soon died from a pulmonary embolism – they said cancer caused but we all know air into a vein will do that too, and it is a standard intelligence method of killing. Silencing the perpetrator is a smart tactic – “Dead men tell no tales”. Why would Ruby, a shady character, have so much love for Kennedy that he would forfeit his own life to kill someone who was certainly going to be executed, as you said?
I’m not aware that Ruby died from a PE but it can be a complication of cancer. What I have looked at closely is the timeline of Ruby’s actions vs Oswald’s transfer movements. It was a pure fluke that they collided, and I believe that Ruby was severely unstable and he just reacted when he came upon Oswald face-to-face. A question people repeatedly ask is, “Why was Ruby carrying a revolver?” Two reasons, in my view. One is he was making a large cash deposit at the bank so he had it for robbery protection. Two is that this was Dallas, Texas in 1963. Everybody carried guns. Thanks for the discussion, Dan. Always appreciate the interaction!
Garry,
Another GREAT and well documented write up about a fascinating subject. I have known for a long time about the missing brain but didn’t really consider it as part of a conspiracy, more likely, I thought, it was pure accident and carelessness that caused it to be lost somewhere along the way due to the mass confusion of that awful day.
What you reported about his stating that Bobby Kennedy took the brain and that it was probably interred with the President at the newer location makes good sense, especially as the person who made that statement would have access to that knowledge. Of course Bobby would have wanted to avoid any sort of mawkish display that he could visualize taking place at some point, so he did what he had to do. I was 10 years old when the president was killed and like most people who were alive at the time, I will always recall every detail of that day and of the days that followed. There was little or no detectable hated between parties that surfaced during that event, at least, none that my ten year old self noticed, and none that I can recall hearing about. Oh, I have no doubt that there were some folks that didn’t like him, I recall it being considered scandalous that a Catholic was running for president! But just this week, the current president gave a thumbs up to an article that stated that “the only good Democrat is a dead one.” He tweeted that Ms. Clinton “is a skank.” During the campaign, he publicly mocked a disable journalist and imitated him while his followers laughed and applauded him. He encouraged physical violence against peaceful, sign holding protesters at one of his famous rallies, saying, “Rough him up a little, don’t worry, if you get in trouble, I’ll pay your lawyer.” Yes, times have changed.
It’s shocking to compare the difference in class, etiquette, honor, honesty, decency and a whole lot of things when you compare the Kennedy White House to the current show holding that fort. History won’t be as kind to DJT as it’s been to JFK. Thanks for your thoughts, Lynn. I was 7 when it happened and it’s etched in my memory.
Your own reply was extremely well written itself! I have to agree that I (most of the time) think there was a conspiracy involved, myself , one that included Oswald as the shooter) and you are right, President Kennedy himself did indeed that one “lone nut” could get to him if he really wanted to, something, I believe, that he told his wife just a short time before they left for Dallas, after the huge ad in the paper was taken out by some anti-Kennedy unionists,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hi Lynn – Thanks for your usual support and participation. It’s well reported that Jack said to Jackie about going from Houston to Dallas that, “We’re heading into nut country today.” Also, “If someone wants to shoot me with a rifle from a window, there’s nothing I can do about it.” So sad that he was right.
I was eight years old, having had my birthday earlier that month. I remember it well. My mother, my sister and I were watching the funeral procession on TV. Some new words like “rotunda”, with the sound of a man’s voice narrating the whole spectacle, either Walter Cronkite or David Brinkley or some such media luminary. The voice sounded kind of muffled, like coming from a pilot’s cockpit. The technology was less sophisticated then, but it was good enough to do its job.
It is startling, to me anyway, how history can be determined by the accuracy of a deranged rifleman’s gunshot. Similar to the way a crackpot could become President of the United States by a once-in-a-century fluke of the Electoral College and 70,000 votes across four states. I envy you your Canadian citizenship, Garry, although you are kind of close by, maybe a bit too close for comfort?
You’re a year ahead of me in this life, Charles. I was in a small, rural Canadian schoolroom when we got the news. I remember how upset our teacher was and then how concerned the adults were around the community. They feared some sort of communist plot and this time we really would go to nuclear war. Thankfully, it never came close- at least over the assassination.
I sure understand your concerns of what’s happening in the US today. You have the most bizarre individual holding your highest office and nobody really seems to hold him accountable for the divisiveness he’s sewing. It’s lunacy, as I see it. Hopefully, he won’t be reelected but with the structure of the electoral college I wouldn’t bet on it. Things are peaceful up here from a violence point, but I’m afraid our uncontrolled economic bailouts will cost us dearly in the long run. Thanks for commenting!
Wow, I had no idea JFK’s brain was even stolen, never mind that Bobby Kennedy stole it. Such a fascinating article, Garry. Thanks!
Like, you can’t make this shit up. Right, Sue?