Author Archives: Garry Rodgers

About Garry Rodgers

After three decades as a Royal Canadian Mounted Police homicide detective and British Columbia coroner, International Best Selling author and blogger Garry Rodgers has an expertise in death and the craft of writing on it. Now retired, he wants to provoke your thoughts about death and help authors give life to their words.

IF AMERICAN STATES WERE REAL PEOPLE — AS GENERATED BY AI

Welcome to an imaginative world where technology and creativity collide in the funniest of ways. One advanced AI model has been tasked with personifying all fifty American states, transforming them into human-like characters based on their distinctive characteristics, historical backgrounds, and cultural vibes. From the sunny surfer persona of California to the cowboy spirit of Texas, it’s time to dive into the true power of Artificial Intelligence.

Keep reading for an amusing, enlightening tour of the country like never before. I’m sure you’ll find this thoroughly enjoyable!

(Credit to the website Travelrz.com)

Alabama – Meet the Hipster Forest Dweller of States

This AI persona is none other than Alabama, also known as “The Cotton State.” Pictured here is a bearded fellow who seems to have misplaced his razor, sporting a hat- backward, of course, because why follow the norm? He’s a ruggedly charming character, looking like he’s jumped straight out of a country music video. Right under that backward cap are glasses fit for reading. There’s an enchanting backdrop since our Alabamian friend is in the heart of the magical wilderness.

He isn’t the office desk type but rather the outdoorsy individual who wouldn’t be caught dead in a cubicle. No boss or manager could keep this guy chained to a laptop.

Alaska – The Ice Queen With an Arctic Attitude

There’s a new Ice Queen in town. Meet Alaska, “The Last Frontier.” This icy protagonist is youthful, with long, light brown hair flowing with the freedom of the Northern winds. She’s decked out in a hefty Winter coat, the hood of which is dusted with the frosty touch of fresh Alaskan snowfall. The scenery in the background is practically a dream for those living in warmer states, featuring white, pristine mountains.

This lady of the tundra would trade swimming at the beach for a snow-covered landscape any day. A tropical vacation? She’d rather had a dog sled. A desert hike? She’d choose an iceberg.

Arizona – A Tattooed Duo of Tumbleweed Tales

In Arizona, we meet a compelling duo- an-ink decorated, cowboy hat-toting gentleman and a blond woman elegantly dressed in a western-style vest. The man’s tattoo art speaks volumes of years of thrilling narratives and untold stories. His signature cowboy hat and goatee hint at a life spent acquiring a bit of desert knowledge. The woman adds a sparkling contrast with her sunny hair reflecting the warmth of the Arizona sun.

Up against the untouched desert landscape, these two people are perfect embodiments of the state. It’s a snapshot that whispers rich tales and adventures under the endless Arizona sky- and we love it.

Arkansas – A Bit of Flannel and Natural Charm

This down-to-earth couple blends comfort and simplicity that captures the essence of Arkansas, “The Natural State.” The man, casual and warm, is rocking a blue flannel shirt, his hair flowing longer than the Mississippi, which also subtly broadcasts an approachable, laid-back vibe that’s quintessentially Arkansan. The woman, with her long brown hair all the way down to her shoulders, is grounded in a beauty that reflects the state’s natural allure. They’re wearing their ‘average Joe and Jane’ badge with pride.

If there is anything to point out about this couple- the whole “Natural State” thing seems to really work with their natural and welcoming appearances, from their hair to their clothing.

California – Stylish Aviators Under the Sun

This guy is basically a model as he struts around a bright floral shirt with sunflowers, channeling the clinic 60s hippie style that still subtly influences California’s fashion scene. Topping it off are aviator glasses reflecting the state’s 300-plus sunny days a year, and the long blond hair is definitely a tribute to the classic surfer look. All these are as characteristic of California as its tech startups, vineyards, and film studios that everyone in the state knows and loves.

Against sun-soaked skies, majestic mountains, and expansive forests- this man embodies the Golden State’s laid-back vibes. A reminder that the pursuit of chill is just as pretty as the Pacific coastline.

Colorado – The State’s Curly-Haired Winter Queen

The spotlight is now on Colorado- represented by an AI-generated girl with long, dark curls who could win an award for ‘Best Hair in a Snowstorm.” The snowflakes on her curls seem to be having a party of their own. She’s bundled up in a cozy blue turtleneck, probably rated for those extra-chilly Rocky Mountain nights. And speaking of the Rockies, she looks just about ready to explore the 58 mountain peaks that span over the snowy state.

She’s surrounded by pine trees and snow mountains, like a one-woman winter wonderland, giving us a glimpse into life in Colorado, where they don’t just weather the winter- they make it look good.

Connecticut – The Double Duo- More Hip Than Hipsters

This AI-rendered couple represents the state of Connecticut, the “Constitution State.” They’re sporting glasses and an air of casual cool that’d put even the trendiest hipsters to shame. This laid-back pair looks like they’re about to spend a lazy Sunday afternoon cracking open a mystery novel or exploring the nuances of a crossword puzzle. They were their average looks like a badge of honor- because in Connecticut, being comfortably normal just might be a thing of beauty.

They’re standing against a simple background, personifying their state’s quiet charm and intellectual energy. With their easy-going charm, this couple is living proof that in Connecticut, low-key is the way to be.

Delaware – A Couple Keeping It Casual

This adorable AI-generated couple represents Delaware, commonly known as “The First State.” The two, dressed in their comfortable and timeless daily wear, look like they’re pretty much ready for a casual day out exploring. The man has a scruffy beard that would make any millennial proud, coupled with a pair of glasses that lend an intellectual charm. The woman seems pretty approachable. It’s hard to believe these two don’t actually exist in the real world.

Delaware was the first state to join the union, so it’s no wonder that our representative couple appears to be confidently casual- they’re just reflecting a bit of pioneering spirit, the Delaware way.

Florida – The Land of Lizards and Palm Trees

You’ve just entered Florida, the “Sunshine State,” where AI has decided to embrace the local wildlife and manifest it into human form. We’re presented with a character who’s part man, part lizard, and entirely Floridian. From his reptilian eyes to his yellow hat and Summer shirt, he’s got the sun-soaked vibe down to a tee. After all, when you’re in a state that’s almost entirely a beach, why not go full-on sand lizard when you can?

Florida is the flattest state in the U.S., making it the perfect place for lizards. Our scaly friend would have no trouble catching those sunshine rays from just about anywhere.

Georgia – A Peachy Pair of Southern Charm

Here we are, folks; with the AI personification of Georgia, “The Peach State,” manifested as a vibrant young couple. You can practically smell the sweetness by just looking at them, or perhaps it’s just that classic Southern charm seeping through. Their smiles are as fresh as Georgia peach pie and have an aura that’s as inviting as a home-cooked Southern meal. Needless to say, wherever this couple may be, you’re certainly welcome there.

Of course, Georgia is known for much more than just peaches – and if there’s anything to learn from these two, it’s that Georgia is all about hospitality and plenty of charm.

Hawaii – Aloha and Flower Crown Included

If you’re looking for the epitome of “aloha spirit,” look no further than Hawaii’s AI representative. He’s got it all- the long white curls hare, a beard that can make Santa envious, a smile wider than the Waikiki beach, and flowers wrapped around his neck and head. His outfit screams tropical vacation, or native hometown hero, with a demeanor that just about makes you want to hope on a plane just to grab a Mai Tai.

This infectious vibe perfectly encompasses just about everything in Hawaii, which is why people travel from all around the world to get a little bit of the state’s sun and fun.

Idaho – The AI Duo: Potatoes Not Included

Say Hello to Idaho’s AI duo: a down-to-earth couple who basically encompass simplicity and sincerity. Although they might appear as an ordinary pair, don’t let that fool you. They’re as complex and fascinating as the state’s diverse geography. Their personalities seem to match Idaho’s motto, “Let it be perpetual.” Stable, sturdy, and timeless, they’re just like Idaho’s landscapes- beautiful, captivating, and full of surprises that you just might not have been expecting.

Although Idaho is famous for its potatoes, it’s also nicknamed “The Gem State” because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found there- go ahead and do some digging.

Illinois – The Modern Day Lincoln

According to AI, this is a representation of Illinois- a contemporary reincarnation of Honest Abe himself. With wide-eyed wonder, messy hair, and a face that would make any penny proud, this image captures the essence of “The Land of Lincoln” quite perfectly. He’s clearly traded in his stovepipe hat for an air of 21st-century style, but his character seems as strong and steady as the original Abraham Lincoln himself. At least, we surely think so.

Not only is Illinois famous for its deep-dish pizza, but it also happens to be the pumpkin capital of the world- and who doesn’t love pumpkins? Although Abe can speak for himself.

Indiana – Autumn Love in Hoosier Land

This AI human-like version of Indiana features a couple embodying the warm, autumnal spirit of the Hoosier State. Wrapped in layers of cozy clothing and, of course, a pretty, endearing hug, these two are exuding an undeniable energy that feels like the first sip of apple cider on a crisp fall day. Their contagious smiles are wider than the Wabash River, proving that Hoosier hospitality just might be a real thing.

If you were looking for a fun fact – Indiana is way more than cornfields. Just to prove this, we’re going to mention that they have a town called Santa Claus.

Iowa – Cozy Couple of the Corn State

This embodiment of Iowa features a couple that could probably charm a husk off a cornstalk. The man, casually dressed in yellow and blue, has the classic twinkle of wisdom behind those glasses. His white scruffy beard is also probably the epitome of farmer chic. The woman next to him seems to like his perfect counterpart, with a tidy low bun that basically screams practicality. They exude simplicity as if they’ve spent quite some time under blue skies.

You could almost hear the distant mooing of cows in the background and taste the first sip of a gold glass of sweet tea, simply based on this man’s farmer outfit.

Kansas – Oz Reimagined in the Sunflower State

In this AI rendition of Kansas, “The Sunflower State,” we’re offered a classic take on what just might be The Wizard of Oz. This man’s hat looks pretty close to the same one that the Scarecrow wears in the movie. The woman could also easily pass as a modern-day Dorothy, who just might be living a much simpler life than Dorothy herself. We wouldn’t be surprised to hear that these two are growing a few sunflowers out back.

We seem to easily know what this AI generator is thinking in terms of movies when it comes to Kansas, where these two people are an example of the state’s pop culture.

Kentucky – Some Fiery Bluegrass Spirit

These are the famous ‘Bluegrass State’s Ai representatives. Their flaming red hair perfectly mimics the famous fiery spirit of Kentucky, and although their smiles might not be as inviting at first glance, there’s a certain warmth that can’t be missed. While most people think of derby and a good glass of bourbon when referring to the state, these two offer a more classic side- especially when it comes to their preppy sense of style.

There’s no doubt that artificial intelligence did its best to render up a couple of Kentucky locals, and if we’re being honest, it ended up doing a really good job.

Louisiana – A Bit of Bayou and Braids

If Louisiana had a face, this AI-generated image this it right out of the park. The man, appearing every bit the gallant sailor with his weather-beaten cap and a faint hint of the sea in his eyes, screams of the state’s love for waterways. The woman, with her long braided hair, embodies the state’s French influence with a splash of Cajun charm. Their expressions really just mirror everything about “The Pelican State.”

Close your eyes, and you can almost hear the subtle notes of jazz music, the heartbeat of Louisiana, subtly playing in the background with a demeanor as warm as the state itself.

Maine – A Comfy Mariner by the Sea

Has anyone been looking for a sea-based logger to get a job done? We’ve found him. He happens to be generated by artificial intelligence. He’s wearing the sturdy expression of someone who’s just wrestled a moose and came out victorious. This lumberjack-seaman of Maine looks super warm and comfortable in his coat and almost as rugged as the rocky coastline he calls home. Of course, the background is a scenic backdrop of boats in a calm bay.

Moose wrestling aside, this embodiment of Maine’s famous coastline is as inviting as a warm bowl of clam chowder after a chilly day at sea. Just remember to wear a flannel when you visit.

Maryland – The Hipster’s Paradise

These two are wearing outfits that would make the trendiest hipsters wonder where they’ve gotten this style, and you can certainly see why. The overload of edge here is showcasing how Maryland’s spark is found in its perfect blend of sophistication and individuality. You can almost smell the waft of freshly baked blue crab cakes in the air around them. At least, that sounds really good, so we’d certainly like to.

AI knows that Marylanders are proud of the cultural diversity and styles around them, so if your idea of cool goes beyond the clichés, welcome to Maryland – you won’t want to leave.

Massachusetts – The Bay State Blend

This young couple is showing off the blend of old-world charm and cutting-edge innovation that characterizes the Bay State. The man might not be sporting a Boston Red Sox Cap, but it’s not hard to visualize the addition. There might not be anything too extraordinary about the woman that the AI generated, but we’d sure like to be invited to their house for a fine Thanksgiving dinner in “The Bay State.”

Massachusetts is known for successfully merging history with innovation, combining a state of rich history with a brand-new touch. From the cobblestone streets to the high-tech hub, it’s full of surprises.

Michigan – Sweaters Fit for Freezing

AI has brought “The Wolverine State” to life with these two cool Michiganders, giving a friendly nod to the state’s characteristics. The woman, in a cozy sweater, seems like she’s just about ready for Michigan’s famously freezing Winters. Meanwhile, in his jean jacket, this guy is basically throwing it back to the days of Detroit’s wildly known automotive glory. These two AI-generated humans go together just as well as Michigan’s two peninsulas.

Michigan is known for its Great Lakes and even greater hearts, and of course, we can’t skip past the fact that Michigan is basically the capital of cherry pie and kindness.

Minnesota – The Outdoor Enthusiasts

It’s time to meet this Minnesotan couple, the AI-created generation of the “Land of 10,000 Lakes.” The state is represented by a lively duo who have logged more hours in the Great Outdoors than they have on social media. With a practical hat for those midwestern elements, there’s a sense of adventure that’s kind of hard to miss. His female companion is hooked up to suspenders, ready for hiking in the expansive Northwoods.

Minnesota isn’t just about nature and lakes. Sure, it’s home to the headwaters of the Mississippi river, but it’s also a land of folks who value community, tradition, and a solid potluck.

Mississippi – Sun-Soaked and Dirt-Dusted

Representing “The Magnolia State,” we find a man who carries a post-gardening glow and a bit of Mississippi’s fertile land on his shirt. Dressed in a large farming hat and a bandana that hints at a long day’s work, his shirt speckled with the tell-tale signs of honest work- that’s right, those are proud badges of dirt. He’s the epitome of southern grit, hard work, and good old Mississippi perseverance.

Of course, Mississippi’s not all work, though. Known for its magnolia trees and deep blue roots, it’s a state that moves to the rhythm of Blues and a cold glass of tea.

Missouri – The State’s Unmasked Charm

Welcome to “The Show Me State,” brought to you by a bearded fellow and a blonde woman in a causal grey shirt. The man, squinting through his square glasses, wears a mix of curiosity and unmistakable Missouri pride. The woman’s sun-streaked hair works well with a certain kind of down-to-earth elegance that artificial intelligence seems to understand well. Although, these two are surely ready to dive into any adventures that come their way.

Missouri is home to over 6,000 awesome caves and a straight-talk spirit that invites you to explore a bit of hidden treasure and even more beautiful landscapes- the Missouri way.

Montana – Grizzly Bears and Great Views

Let’s take a trip over to Montana, the ‘Big Sky Country,” where mountain peaks reach the clouds, and the land practically stretches out as far as the eye can see. These two are AI’s depictions of the treasure state. The man is almost as rugged as the mountains in his backyard, with long black hair that would make any model jealous. Something about the woman’s natural beauty also amounts to Montana’s natural landscapes.

Although lots of people call Montana home, so do a ton of enormous grizzly bears- that’s because Montana actually has the largest bear population in almost all fifty American states.

Nebraska – Unleashing State Spirit

The “Cornhusker State” isn’t known for just that- while there are vast fields of corn, there are also bustling cities and vibrant college sports culture. Based on that, we’d like to imagine that this AI-generated Nebraskan man wouldn’t mind throwing on a Cornhuskers jersey, echoing the state’s devotion to their college football team.

These easy smiles and welcoming demeanors hint at the genuine friendliness that Nebraskans are known for, flowing just as smoothly as the state itself- since it’s literally filled with rivers.

Nevada – Silver State’s Glitz and Glamor

Utilizing advanced artificial intelligence techniques, a captivating image of a mature woman embodying the essence of Nevada emerged, portraying a striking resemblance to a Burning Man festival attendee. The AI ingeniously captured the vibrant spirit of the state, adorning the woman with eclectic attire and intricate accessories reminiscent of the festival’s artistic essence. She looks like she spent a few days in the desert for sure.

With a touch of ageless allure, her unique features and seasoned expression encapsulate the rich tapestry of Nevada’s history, culture, and desert soul, symbolizing the state’s unconstrained individuality and creative energy.

New Hampshire – The Great Outdoors

This AI representation of New Hampshire looks like a couple of characters who hopped right out of a modern Shakespeare novel if such a thing existed. Standing tall and confident in a pair of glasses, the guy’s giving off a kind of charming intelligence that’s as enduring as the granite state’s known for. The woman is fit and ready for New Hampshire’s incredible Autumn weather with practical outfits that are perfect for the outdoors.

With granite-faced mountains and picturesque lakes as a backdrop at every corner, the state’s general makeup perfectly aligns with the people that artificial intelligence has genuine when thinking of New Hampshire.

New Jersey – Garden State Locals

This is AI’s New Jersey duo, a picture-perfect representation of the state’s blend of style and essence. The man is a mix of laid-back and a bit of Jersey strength, with his backward cap, denim jacket, and lack of a smirk suggesting he’s lived and learned. Artificial intelligence is so smart when it comes to prompts, but there’s no way to know why it generated this woman when thinking of Jersey – but somehow, it works.

These people really do look like they’ve come straight out of the garden state, and hopefully, they’ve made a stop or two at one of New Jersey’s famous vintage diners.

New Mexico – The Enchanted Land

Under the canopy of the vast Southwestern sky, the AI representation of New Mexico stands as a weathered elder, his deep-set eyes filled with countless untold stories. There’s an air of gentle, enduring strength about him, as resilient as the desert landscape he originates from. Framed but the backdrop of a clear sky and endless sand, his spirit and both expansive and quiet- just like the endless stretched of sand dunes throughout the state.

Whether it’s the intensely calm desert or the lure of New Mexico’s capitol, Santa Fe, there’s something about the state has made it earn its name- “The Land of Enchantment.”

New York – Street Style Meets AI

New York is personified as a young man with an unmistakable air of dynamism and style. Fit in the latest street fashion; he epitomizes the vibrant hustle of the city that never sleeps. His stare is just as sharp as the famous skyline, with a stance as confident as a Wall Street broker by day and a partier by night. The iconic Times Square is glowing in the background, emphasizing the city’s never-ending heartbeat.

New York is the most linguistically diverse city in the entire world, and of course, we can’t help but mention the famous .99-cent pizza that you can grab before a Broadway show.

North Carolina – The Land of Pepsi

Here we have North Carolina, a young man with pure enthusiasm. He’s wearing a cap that could easily represent his favorite sports team and, of course, a pair of glasses for football viewing pleasure. North Carolina’s legendary tailgates are a huge part of the sports culture there, and it’s not hard to imagine this man taking part in them. He could be any guy from North Carolina, cheering from the stands on a Saturday afternoon.

Since North Carolina created Pepsi soda, we’re assuming that this AI embodiment of the state wouldn’t mind cracking open a cold one on Super Bowl Sunday – or any other day, really.

North Dakota – Prairies and Ploughs

North Dakota is known as “The Sioux State,” and it’s represented by a hardworking couple standing tall in front of golden grain fields and a setting sun. With her dark hair tied in a practical bun, the woman has a sense of quiet determination. The man, his hair darkened by the sun, has a weather-beaten resilience that reflects the spirit of North Dakota’s agriculturists. Their earth-stained clothing tells a story of long days in the fields.

But North Dakota isn’t only about farming; it’s home to rich Native American heritage and is home to America’s geographical center, from which it gets its nickname “The Sioux State.”

Ohio – Flannels and Family Roots

Welcome to Ohio, the Buckeye State, represented by a man who looks like he could chop a tree up in a single swing while also being proud of his heritage. His straw hat and flannel shirt are as authentically midwestern as a field of corn under a bright blue sky. The full beard adds a touch of ruggedness that complements those blue jeans. His eyes, though, hold a spark of friendliness that reflects the warmth of Ohio’s family-loving community.

And that Buckeye nickname? It actually comes from the state’s many buckeye trees. Apparently, those trees represent good luck, so if you’re running low – it’s time to head over to Ohio.

Oklahoma – Better Sooner Than Never

These guys are standing tall, representing “The Sooner State” that we all know and love. These two are embodying the rich history of their ancestors in the modern world. The man’s blue denim button-up shirt provides a touch of Americana, paying tribute to the cowboy and agricultural heritage that intertwines with Oklahoma’s native roots. The expressions on their faces are almost as steady and open as the state’s rolling prairies and endless country pride.

Tornadoes might come to mind when you think of Oklahoma – but there is, in fact, a whole lot more going on there. It even got its nickname from settlers who claimed the land.

Oregon – Always Ready for Rain

“The Beaver State” out in the Pacific North West of the country seems to have a representative that matches well with the rainy weather. He’s a rugged, older gentleman with a classic yellow rain hat and a bright orange coat. The brightness of his outfit is a nice contrast to the often misty Oregon climate, his white beard perfect enough to catch droplets from the never-ending drizzle that continually sets the mood.

Pennsylvania – A Youthful Legacy

Like the Liberty Bell’s ring, this AI generation of “The Keystone State” presents a young couple who seem to carry an aura of the state’s rich heritage. The man sport’s a beat, perhaps a note to Pennsylvania’s famous communities, while the woman’s smile represents the state’s welcoming spirit. Their attire blends casual modern with subtle hints of historical Pennsylvania style, seemingly borrowed from images of bustling markets in Pittsburgh or laid-back afternoons.

Around these two people, invisible but implied, are the state’s urban energy and serene countryside. From revolutionary history and forward-thinking – Pennsylvania is the birthplace of the United States, after all.

Rhode Island – The Salty State

We’ve reached ‘The Ocean State,” Rhode Island, with a laid-back man and woman who carry some salt-kissed energy. The AI has painted them with tousled hair, sun-kissed skin, and casual clothing, bearing witness to countless afternoons spent by the lapping waves of the coast. Their relaxed postures and typical of the state’s calming coastal charm, with a sturdy stance that suggests a pleasing familiarity with the harshness of the Atlantic Ocean.

It’s easy to picture one of Rhode Island’s stunning coastlines in the background- and that’s undoubtedly one of the first things that comes to mind. Despite its compact size – it’s all heart.

South Carolina – All Sand and Sun

South Carolina, effectively known as “The Palmetto State,” is a vibrant couple who just might have claimed every one of the state’s beaches as their personal backyard. Their windswept hair speaks to countless hours spent basking in the glow of South Carolina’s generous sunshine. Their attire can undoubtedly be considered country casual, mirroring the relaxed atmosphere. The only thing missing is a picture-perfect beach backdrop of sand and surf – a distinctive feature of the state.

From a great love of football to the proud declaration of being the first to secede from the Union – people in South Carolina have a kind of pride that is hard to match.

South Dakota – More Than Mount Rushmore

South Dakota, also known as “The Mount Rushmore State,” is represented by a rugged couple who are as sturdy and enduring as the state’s geological wonders. It’s easy to picture their hiking gear, layered for the notorious Dakota weather wings, and well-worn boots, suggesting countless treks across the Black Hills and Badlands. Their faces are lined with the elements, with a communicative resilience that is definitely needed in order to thrive in South Dakota’s wild weather.

South Dakota is famous for Mount Rushmore and its endless amount of caves and exploration, reminding us that the state truly is home to a remarkable tribute to American leadership.

Tennessee – The State’s Musical Melody

Tennessee is commonly known as “The Volunteer State,” brought to life by a couple who have a certain level of rhythm and warmth that’s widely associated with the southern gem. Dressed in denim, minus an instrument case over their shoulders, it’s almost like these two have just stepped off a stage in Nashville or Memphis. Their grinning faces reflect the joy of a well-played tune and the love of a community bonded by music and shared heritage.

There might as well be neon signs in this picture, with a Taylor Swift song in the background, promising a night of unforgettable entertainment and music that’s practically the heart and soul of Tennessee.

Texas – A Cowboy Keeping It Real

This is “The Lone Star State’s” representative- a man straight out of a Western movie scene. Donned in a sun-faded cowboy hat that has seen many Texas sunsets, well-worn clothing, and (probably) a set of leather boots, he’s a perfect representation of the rugged charm of Texas. The only thing he’s missing is a thick handlebar mustache and a few Texas tales that have been passed through the generations to this state-loving cowboy.

Although this cowboy’s demeanor is cool and casual, he’s certainly wearing a pride for his homeland. The background here might as well be a sprawling desert with an endless amount of cacti.

Utah – Endless Rugged Adventure

This outdoorsy guy has a personality as diverse as the landscape here- and he’s representing Utah in all of its glory. His hair and beard are pretty wild, matching the untamed beauty of the state’s terrain. The dirt smudges are echoing many days spent exploring Utah’s arches and canyons. Of course, his eyes are almost as bright as the clear blue of Utah’s skies, with a sunburn that’s representative of the state’s warm desert climate.

Behind him, Utah’s terrains stretch into the horizon, with red rock formations, rolling hills, and even distant snowy peaks that make up all five of Utah’s incredibly beautiful national parks.

Vermont – Hot Tea and Warm Smiles

This AI-generated pair is a couple of Vermonters who are bundled up for the state’s notorious winters. They’re rocking cozy-looking sweaters and woolen coats with a vintage charm that fits right in with Vermont’s small-town spirit. They’re a picture of winter warmth- you can practically hear the crunch of the snow underneath their boots. One thing’s for sure- they’re enjoying the vibrant reds of Vermont’s fall foliage that’s almost as sweet as the state’s famous maple syrup.

The green backdrop just might be hinting at the state’s nickname – “The Green Mountain State.” Known for its stunning landscapes, it’s a safe haven for hikers and nature lovers alike.

Virginia – The Backdrop of America

Meet Virginia’s AI-generate representation- a pair of young, fresh-faced folks who perfectly embody the state’s youthful energy and timeless appeal. These two have a casual vibe and attire, just like Virginia itself, which strikes a perfect balance between both comfortable and classy everywhere you go. Against a muted grey background, this couple shines bright, like Virginia’s rich history and cultural legacy that firmly stands out in the backdrop of America.

Virginia is known as “The Old Dominion” because of its status as the first English colonial possession in North America, which means there’s a plethora of historic sights and iconic monuments.

Washington – An Evergreen Man

This man, with a curly head of hair and a scruffy beard, perfectly captures the spirit of the untamed “Evergreen State.” The nickname quickly describes the geography, and his weather-appropriate coat could certainly handle any downpour. He’s wearing a style that’s as adaptable as the Washington weather itself that singles a hint of adventure and many days exploring the great outdoors. This perfect persona certainly mirrors the earthy character of Washington.

The landscapes in Washington feature everything from rainy forests to grand mountains. Despite being home to major tech industries, the state fosters a deep love for everything related to nature.

West Virginia – Flannel and Fall Foliage

Meet West Virginia, or should we say, meet our AI-generated embodiment of “The Mountain State.” With his plaid flannel, hefty denim, and hunting cap, this character is dressed like he was born and raised among the rolling hills and rippling rivers of this Appalachian region. The background boasts an abundance of fiery fall colors- perfectly capturing the essence of a beautiful fall in West Virginia. It’s very much a yearly thing.

This man’s rugged outfit is more than just an aesthetic choice; it speaks volumes about the state’s love for outdoor activities- hunting, fishing, hiking, you name it- they do it.

Wisconsin – For Dairy Lovers

Here’s Wisconsin, represented a young couple who have potentially taken advantage of “America’s Dairyland” and all of its milky glory. Whether it’s cheese, milk, or a good homemade ice cream- it’s hard to think of the state without a good Swiss cheese coming to mind. These two look like they’ve run the mill a few times and might even have a farm of their very own. Yes, we’re very jealous.

Although Wisconsin has to be known for things that don’t always involve cheese, they do produce almost half of America’s cheese products from there – so we had to point it out.

Wyoming – Cowboys and Endless Skies

It’s time to saddle up for an AI rendition of Wyoming, featuring a tireless duo sporting well-worn cowboy hats and sun-beaten leather jackets. Their gaze is as steadfast as the Wyoming wing, their smiles as warm as the setting sun over the prairie. They might not be standing against the expansive Wyoming sky, but there’s a spirit here that is typical of “The Equality State.” – with Yellowstone National Park included.

These outfits are a homage to Wyoming’ deeply rooted cowboy culture. As “The Equality State,” Wyoming blazed trails by being the first to grant women the right to vote in elections.

Washington D. C. – The Capitol

Stepping onto the scene with a sense of style, this AI version of Washington D.C. simply makes sense. Wearing slick aviator sunglasses and a vibrantly yellow T-shirt with the American flag, he’s rocking a charismatic blend of patriotism and effortless cool. With the iconic and recognizable capitol in the background, the generated scene manages to perfectly capture the mix of history, power, and energy that expands throughout the nation’s capital.

This guy’s clothing strikes a huge contrast with the city’s formal reputation. His cool attitude points towards the city’s dynamic, fast-paced environment- a place where change happens, and history is made.

Dyingwords Followers: Which one do you like best? Vote for your favorite by leaving it in the comment box. And, yes, it’s okay to vote for your home state.

NETFLIX MAKING A MURDERER — BRENDAN DASSEY’S CONFESSION

Several years ago, Netflix released a highly popular series called Making a Murderer. It covered the case where Steven Avery and his nephew, 16-year-old Brendan Dassey, were convicted in the first-degree murder of Teresa Halbach that occurred in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin on October 31, 2005. Both were sentenced to life imprisonment—Avery with no possibility of parole and Dassey eligible to apply in 2048. While the evidence against Avery is strong, the facts supporting Dassey’s guilt hinge solely on his police confession to which there’s a high likelihood of being false and obtained under significant coercion with psychological manipulation.

I recently published a piece titled Netflix Making a Murderer. Did Police Really Frame Steven Avery? It covers the evidence that convicted Avery and concludes Avery was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. I ended the post by saying I had severe doubts about the validity of Brendan Dassey’s confession.

For the past three weeks, I’ve closely looked at Brendan Dassey’s side of the Teresa Halbach murder file. This was a complex and time-consuming task as there’s a lot of material available, and that’s an understatement. At the heart of the issue is determining if Dassey truly was involved as a murder accomplice with Avery as he inconsistently claimed in his recorded confession. Or, the question also asks, “Did Brendan Dassey falsely confess and therefore was wrongly convicted?” which would be a horrific miscarriage of justice.

As I remarked, this is a highly complex subject that I’ve spent hours examining, and it’s impossible to cover all the details in a blog post. I’ve reached a conclusion, based on the balance of probabilities and from my personal experience with investigating homicides and obtaining murder confessions. First, let’s review the case facts, look at who Brendan Dassey is, and then discuss the issues in play that led to Dassey’s conviction.

If you haven’t already done so, it’s worthwhile to read the prequel post Netflix Making a Murderer. Did Police Really Frame Steven Avery?

Teresa Halbach was a 24-year-old photographer who attended Avery’s auto salvage business to photo a vehicle Avery wanted to list on Autotrader. She was reported missing two days later. On November 6, 2005, her incinerated body was found in a burn pile behind Avery’s shop. Other items belonging to Halbach were also located—her vehicle, camera, phone, and an ignition key found in Avery’s bedroom. Forensic evidence indisputably linked Avery to the crime, and a bullet also linked her shot body to Steven Avery’s rifle.

In February 2006, Brendan Dassey surfaced as an accomplice suspect. Following a chain of police interviews—interrogations if you like—Dassey made progressive statements where he went from knowing nothing to claiming to have raped Halbach, slit her throat, and helped Avery burn her body. He was convicted based on his statements alone, and there was absolutely no corroborating physical or other evidence to support that his confession was truthful Subsequently, Dassey’s conviction has been upheld, and his appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States has been denied. Dassey remains in jail under a strong probability of being completely innocent.

Brendan Dassey and His Legal Path

Brendan Ray Dassey was born on October 19, 1989, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin to parents Barbara and Peter Dassey. He was raised along with four brothers in a mobile home located on the Avery property and, in the fall of 2005, attended Mishicot High School. Dassey struggled with education and communication. His IQ was rated at 65 which classified as cognitively disabled and borderline for mentally handicapped. Some of his classes were in the special education category, and he was failing at three of those.

Brendan Dassey was described as quiet and introverted with an interest in WWE wrestling, animals, and video games. He appeared slow to comprehend and slow to respond. This is clearly evident in his recorded police engagements. Before this case, Dassy had no contact with the criminal justice system and was not a troublemaker.

Dassey’s first police interview in the Halbach murder was on November 6, 2005. He was returning to the Avery property and riding in Steven Avery’s car driven by Dassey’s older brother. The police were onsite investigating Halbach’s disappearance, and they had a warrant to search that vehicle.

Brendan Dassey was isolated in the back of a police car and spoken to by officers who wanted to know if Dassey had seen Halbach on the property. Dassey stated he had not and had no information to offer that would assist in locating Halbach and determining what happened to her. This interview was audio recorded, but Dassey was not under arrest and did not have his rights read to him.

The police continued the Halbach investigation during November and December of 2005. During this period, they focussed solely on Steven Avery and assumed he’d acted alone. There was no evidence to suspect otherwise, and Brendan Dassey wasn’t on their radar.

This changed in January 2006, when Kayla Avery (Brendan Dassey’s cousin) confided to a school counselor that she suspected Dassey knew something about the Halbach murder. Kayla stated Dassey was “acting weird”—not sleeping and had lost a lot of weight—and becoming very emotional over trivial matters. This went unreported to authorities until it became a tip to the police on February 20, 2006.

On that afternoon, Detectives O’Neill and Baldwin (the same pair who spoke to Dassey on November 6, 2005) attended Dassey’s high school. They interviewed him in a private room and asked him general questions about the case. Dassey said he knew nothing but seemed evasive about seeing Teresa Halbach on the property.

O’Neill and Baldwin conferred with detectives Mark Weigert and Tom Fassbender who would handle Brendan Dassey from then on. Weigert and Fassbender went to Dassey’s high school on February 27, 2006, and spoke with him privately for an hour and forty-five minutes. He was not read his rights (the Miranda warning) and had no lawyer or adult present to represent him, however the interview was recorded, and all conversation remains on the record. Towards the end, Dassey, under pressure from the detectives, indicated he had seen Teresa Halbach on the property talking with Steven Avery on the afternoon of October 31, 2005.

The detectives switched tactics from a ‘soft” interview style to what many criticize as a controversial “hard” interrogation process known in law enforcement as the Reid Technique. Employing the Reid Technique to induce a confession is a core issue with today’s online critics assessing whether Brendan Dassey falsely confessed, and we’ll go much further into that arena in a bit. As well, we’ll examine the effect the Miranda Warning had on Brendan Dassey, the lack of legal representation during subsequent police contact, and whether his mental capacity was suitable to truly understand the incriminating statements he was about to make.

At 3:21 pm on February 27, 2006, Detectives Weigert and Fassbender began a firmer interrogation on Brendan Dassey. They’d taken him from school to the police station where they contained him in an audio/video room specifically designed for interrogations. The recording shows that the officers read Dassey his Miranda rights but were specific that he was not under arrest and was free to go at any time. Dassey waived his rights, and no lawyer or supportive adult was present.

The interrogation lasted forty-three minutes and ended when Dassey stated that Avery had told him what happened—Avery stabbed Halbach and transported her body to the firepit on a snowmobile sled. Further, Dassey alleged that Avery told him he hid the knife under Halbach’s vehicle seat.

Now the detectives took an unusual step. They contacted Dassey’s mother and had her and Brendan taken to a hotel and kept overnight under police guard. It’s assumed the detectives returned to the Avery property for a search, and it’s recorded that Weigert and Fassbender went to the hotel late in the evening and had an unrecorded conversation with Brendan Dassey.

On the morning of March 1, 2006, Weigert and Fassbender had a four-hour and nineteen-minute recorded session with Dassey. This time, they used a soft interview setting, and this video became the central piece of incriminating evidence used to convict Dassey. It’s meandering to view and considerably complex to understand exactly what Dassey says.

To paraphrase rambling, he eventually states he was with Steven Avery while Avery had Teresa Halbach tied naked to a bed while they both raped her. Then, according to Dassey’s confession, Avery stabbed and shot Halbach and both took her body to the burn pit. In one fleeting moment, Brendan Dassey says he cut Teresa Halbach’s throat, and this is the statement portion that secured his first-degree murder conviction.

Watch the Brendan Dassey confession video.

Brendan Dassey was charged with Halbach’s murder and remained in custody through his lengthy legal process. He was convicted in a jury trial on April 27, 2007, and was sentenced (at 17 years old) to life imprisonment. His first appeal was denied and Dassey entered the mainstream penitentiary system.

In 2010, Dassey entered a motion for a retrial based on the grounds of rights infringement leading to a false confession. It was denied by the trial court and reaffirmed denial by the Wisconsin Court of Appeals in January 2013. The Wisconsin Supreme Court declined to review that denial, and it wasn’t until the first Netflix series Making a Murder aired in 2015 that Dassey’s case took on a new life. There was so much public outcry that Dasey’s new lawyer, Laura Nirider, successfully won a writ of habeas corpus in a federal court that ordered a judicial review on the grounds that Dassey’s juvenile confession had been coerced and therefore was involuntary and unconstitutional.

In August 2016, United States magistrate judge William E. Duffin agreed with the false confession position. He called the case a “horrific miscarriage of justice”. Subsequently, the Wisconsin Justice Department appealed Duffin’s decision to the US Court of Appeals for the Seventh District which agreed to review matters but denied Dassey’s release from custody.

In June 2017, a three-panel of appellate judges upheld the magistrate’s decision to overturn Dassey’s conviction, but the justice department immediately filed an en banc rehearing where the entire appellate panel must rule, not three judges but all seven. On December 8, 2017, the panel voted 4-3 to reinstate Dassey’s conviction. Brendan Dassey lost his final legal battle on June 25, 2018, when the United States Supreme Court refused to hear the matter—no reasons given. He now remains in prison until at least 2048.

So, that’s the timeline and the case facts of how Brendan Dassey’s legal path played out. Let’s look at whether there was any fact in the confession that caused this path, and this starts with examining if his confession or statement to the police was legal.

Admissibility of Statements Given to Persons in Authority

The core legal argument around Dassey’s conviction is that his confession—a statement, in legal terms—should not have been admitted or allowed to be entered as evidence at his jury trial. After all, there was absolutely no physical or other incriminating evidence to independently support or corroborate that Dassey was being truthful in his March 1, 2006, statement during his interrogation with Detectives Weingert and Fassbender. Without Dassey’s confession, the state had no evidence against him, and the charges would have to have been dismissed.

Note that of all the interview/interrogation sessions Dassey encountered with the police (who are considered persons in authority)—seven in total as there were two more after his March 1, 2006, statement—only one was brought before the court and ruled on about admissibility. The process of ruling on a statement’s admissibility is called voir dire which is a trial within a trial and held away from the jury’s presence. If the voir dire finds the statement to meet the admissibility threshold, then the jury is allowed to see and hear the evidence. If the voir dire finds the statement is ruled inadmissible, then the evidence cannot be presented.

There are two main tests for the admissibility of statements given to persons in authority. One is that the statement must be voluntary. The other is that it must be given from a clear and operating mind. Voluntariness is subjective. The statement cannot be coerced or induced by threat or promise of favor. Free and operating mind is objective. The statement maker must know what they are doing and what the ramifications are for making their statement. In other words, they knew what they were getting into.

As strange as it might sound, there’s no legal requirement that the statement be true. If a confession is false—as in the person lying or making up the confession—that has no bearing on its admissibility. If the judge, as the trier of law, determines the accused provided the statement voluntarily through a free and operating mind, then they are required to allow the jury to access it. It’s the jurors, as the triers of fact, who determine how reliable or truthful the evidence from the statement or confession is.

The fundamental question is, “Do the jurors believe the accused person is telling the truth when they confess to a crime?” It’s of no concern to the jurors as to how the confession was obtained. It’s just a matter of credibility, and the jurors in Brendan Dassey’s trial must have believed his confession as it was the only evidence of Dassey’s put before them and they convicted him of first-degree murder (planned and deliberate) based upon his statement evidence.

Miranda and an Accused Person’s Rights

There’s a long-standing US Supreme Court ruling called Miranda where a person dealing with the police, as a suspect or an accused, must be read their rights by the officers involved with the proceedings. This dates to 1966 in Miranda v Arizona where Ernesto Arturo Miranda was charged with robbery, kidnapping, and rape. The ruling affirmed that Miranda’s 5^th and 6^th Amendment rights were violated upon his arrest and interrogation, so the evidence gleaned from not telling Miranda about his right to remain silent and his right to a lawyer was not admissible. The operating words in Miranda are arrest, custody, and interrogation.

There is no standard Miranda rights wording. The requirement lies in the authorities telling a suspect or detainee:

They have the right to remain silent.
Anything the suspect does say can and may be used against them in a court of law.
They have the right to have an attorney present before and during the questioning.
They have the right, if they cannot afford the services of an attorney, to have one appointed, at public expense and without cost to them, to represent them before and during the questioning.

Over the years, Miranda warnings (cautionings) have evolved into pretty much this:

You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can be used against you in court. You have the right to talk to a lawyer for advice before we ask you any questions. You have the right to have a lawyer with you during questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions now without a lawyer present, you have the right to stop answering at any time.

Officer Arresting Young Man

A key issue explored at a criminal trial is not that a Miranda warning was issued. It must, but it’s whether the accused person understood the concept and whether they exercised or waived their rights when incriminating themselves. This loops to a freely operating mind and voluntariness which, in turn, loops to the influence of threats, promises, inducements, and coercion. And, although not required, veracity of the information—is it true? And can the truth be independently corroborated by facts, preferably key facts which are only known to the perpetrator of the crime and the inner investigation circle?

Threats, Promises, Inducements, Coercion, and the Reid Interrogation Technique

All criminal investigation conversations involve discourse between civilians and persons in authority. Interviews, generally, are non-confrontational, fact-finding, information-gathering sessions. Interrogations, on the other hand, are adversarial, guilt-finding confrontations. Interviews don’t require Miranda warnings. Interrogations do.

Brendan Dassey’s first two contacts with persons in authority were fact-finding interviews. The second raised police suspicions that Dassey knew more than he was telling and, possibly, was Steven Avery’s accomplice. This moved the fence in his third police contact on February 27, 2006, when the detectives elicited from Dassey that he saw Teresa Halbach with Steven Avery and they suspected Dassey probably knew a lot more of what happened, as in aiding and abetting Avery to kill Halbach.

In reviewing the transcripts from the February 27 schoolhouse interview to the same-day police station interrogation, I can clearly see Detectives Weigert and Fassbender moving their strategy from interview to interrogation There’s no question, in my opinion, that Weigert and Fassbender knew exactly what they were doing. Like me, they were schooled in the Reid Interrogation Technique and had previously practiced it.

Properly employed, Reid works. But I have to say, at this point in this post, that all Reid confessions MUST be backed up by independent corroborative facts that verify truthfulness in confessions, and that they were not induced by threats, promises, and coercion that can elicit false confessions. Reid has many critics, in the legal world and the online world, and they all point to the potential of false confessions resulting from the psychological manipulation power practiced in Reid. Here’s a previous blog post I wrote about the Reid Interrogation Technique. Let’s quickly review what Reid is and later see if the technique contributed to Brendan Dassey’s confession as many learned and armchair critics claim as fact.

The Reid Technique was developed in the 1960s by an American polygraphist named John Reid. It’s a blueprint for psychologically manipulating criminals into confessing to their crimes. It’s standard training for investigators and has been used thousands and thousands of times to elicit confessions. A textbook Reid Technique interrogation involves nine progressive steps:

1. Confrontation — The interrogator presents the facts and asks for response.

2. Theme Development — The interrogator develops a story of why the crime happened.

3. Stopping Denials — Any denials by the suspect are shot down.

4. Overcoming Objections — The interrogator focuses on the truth.

5. Getting Suspect’s Attention — Keep the suspect listening to the narrative.

6. Suspect Loses Resolve — Denials are stopped and objections are overcome.

7. Alternatives — The interrogator offers a way out and that is to confess.

8. Bringing Suspect Into Conversation — Getting the suspect to talk.

9. The Confession — The suspect is psychologically broken and confesses.

Note that I said a “textbook” Reid confession. In these nine steps, an interrogator must play within the Miranda and admissibility rules for the confession to be used as evidence of guilt. If the rules are violated, then regardless of how skillfully a Reid Technique was applied, the evidentiary value is worthless. The same goes for truthfulness and that’s were independent corroboration comes in. Let’s now examine Brendan Dassey’s confession that earned him life behind bars.

Brendan Dassey’s Confession

On March 1, 2006, Detectives Weigert and Fassbender interrogated Brendan Dassey in a video/audio recorded and controlled environment. I’ve watched and dissected the four-hour and nineteen-minute session, and I can confidently say this is not the “dangerous” classic or textbook Reid procedure that so many internet critics and legal analysts claim produces false confessions. The detectives didn’t have to use a full Reid. They’d already aligned with Brendan Dassey from 1 to 7. They only used Step 8—Bringing Suspect Into Conversation. The overall Reid Technique’s progressive psychological breakdown had nothing to do with causing Brendan Dassey to say he helped rape and murder Teresa Halbach.

What Detectives Weigert and Fassbender did was simply pry words from Dassey’s mouth, bit-by-bit over a long, long time. They used a constant theme of telling the truth, and by telling the truth, things would “go much easier on him in the long run”. However, this is an outstanding violation of the admissibility test where an inducement is offered by promise of favor. This wasn’t a one-time infraction. The entire converse is loaded with coaxing. There is no way Brendan Dassey would have said the incriminating and damaging statements he made if the detectives hadn’t continually induced him. It was wrenched out of a low functioning kid. There was nothing voluntary about this.

Watch the Brendan Dassey confession video.

In fairness to Detectives Weigert and Fassbender, at no time were they rude, threatening, or in any way aggressive to Dassey. They were somewhat deceitful, which is a court-accepted tactic, but I believe they were acting in what they thought was good faith for the interest of Teresa Halbach’s murder case. Their flaw, however, was having a preconceived picture of where Dassey might have fit with Steven Avery’s actions. The entire shape of the interrogation was to have Dassey admit to some version of their theory. For this reason alone, to preserve fairness in the process, the confession should not have been admitted into evidence and therefore Brendan Dassey should not have been convicted because of his confession—his statement to the police.

A second reason to have the confession legally set aside is the issue of a free and operating mind. From the opening minutes of the interrogation video, it’s apparent Brendan Dassey is cognitively impaired. He’s a vulnerable youth—a naïve and unsophisticated sixteen-year-old boy with the mental capacity of a child facing two seasoned homicide detectives. And he’s unrepresented by a lawyer. Not even his mother was there.

Now, nonrepresentation isn’t a Miranda violation, but Dassey’s ability to knowingly and intelligently waive his rights, and appreciate the seriousness of the situation that was about to affect the rest of his life, simply was not there.

This brings me to assess the reliability of what Brendan Dassey says in his confession. He’s all over the place when it comes to detail. Most of his inconsistent, yet incriminating, moments come when he agrees to suggestions put forward by his interrogators. There was nothing Dassey says that can be verified as truthful through independent corroboration which is critically necessary to support such a damaging thing as an induced murder confession, especially from a juvenile.

As Brendan Dassey said when he testified at his trial, “What I said was false. They got into my head. I told them what they wanted to hear. I guessed at answers, just like I do with my homework.”

In my opinion, Dassey’s statement to Detectives Weigert and Fassbender made on March 1, 2006, should never have been allowed before a jury. Having the confession legally rejected at voir dire would have negated his conviction. There was nothing else to prove his guilt. Also, in my opinion, there’s a high likelihood Brendan Dassey falsely confessed due to psychological manipulation, and he was wrongfully convicted by an admissible false confession.

If that’s the truth, it’s a horrific miscarriage of justice, indeed.

NETFLIX MAKING A MURDERER — DID POLICE REALLY FRAME STEVEN AVERY?

Several years ago, Netflix ran a highly popular series on the case of Steven Avery who was convicted in the 2005 murder of Teresa Halbach that occurred at Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Despite pleas of innocence and multiple appeals, Avery remains in jail serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole. The series titled Making a Murderer documented the investigation and legal process in such a way that it left many viewers to wonder, “Did police really frame Steven Avery?”

Netflix aired a ten-part series in 2015 that examined Avery’s early life and the events leading to the Halbach murder conviction. The show was so successful that Netflix produced a sequel in 2018, taking on the justice system. The two documentaries have roused both supporters of an innocent man being wrongfully convicted as well as critics claiming the shows were grossly slanted for sensationalism and purposely left out incriminating evidence that proved Avery’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

“Beyond a reasonable doubt.” That’s the standard required by American criminal courts to secure a credible conviction, and that conclusion must be reached through the application of evidence that’s both credible and legally admissible. Planted evidence—false evidence that’s been manufactured and placed to “frame” an accused person—is neither credible nor admissible and is taking the miscarriage of justice to its highest level. Let’s examine the key evidence points in the Teresa Halbach murder case and see if police really framed Steven Avery.

Before diving deep into the evidence, it’s necessary to know a few facts about Steven Avery and how he became involved with Teresa Halbach. Avery was born on July 9, 1962, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. From an early age, it was known Avery was a slow developer. His school records reported his IQ at 70 and he dropped out in grade ten.

Steven Avery’s folks owned a business called Avery’s Auto Salvage where he worked doing odd labor jobs. In 1981, he was caught burglarizing a local bar and spent 10 months in jail for it. Upon release, he was charged with animal cruelty for pouring gasoline over a cat and tossing it into a bonfire. This got him another 9 months.

More jail time happened for Steven Avery in 1985 when he forced a woman off the road at gunpoint. (What started this is the woman accused Avery of indecently exposing himself to her.) Avery drew a 6-year sentence for the firearm offense but was granted bail upon an appeal.

While out of custody in late 1985, a woman was raped on a beach near Two Rivers, Wisconsin. Because of the assailant’s description, Avery—well-known to the local police—became a suspect. The victim picked Steven Avery out of a photo lineup. He was charged, convicted, and sentenced to 32 years concurrent to the 6-year firearm term.

In 2003, after serving 18 years, Avery’s sexual assault conviction was overturned when the DNA evidence collected in the Two Rivers case was retested. The sample eliminated Steven Avery as the donor and positively identified another sex offender, Gregory A. Allen, as committing the rape. Avery, a truly wrongfully convicted man, was freed and he launched a $36 million lawsuit against all involved in the justice miscarriage including the Manitowoc County police. (This was later settled at $400,000.)

Steven Avery returned to Manitowoc County and went back to work at his parent’s auto-salvage business. One of Avery’s jobs was to prepare used cars to be sold on Auto Trader which required professionally taken pictures of the vehicles being displayed in the ads. Here’s where Teresa Halbach came in.

Halbach worked as a photographer for a Manitowoc agency. During the summer and fall of 2005, Teresa Halbach made five visits to Avery’s Auto Salvage to shoot cars for Auto Trader. Each time she dealt with Steven Avery, and each time he requested her, personally, to come out and take the photos. She made a sixth trip to meet Steven Avery on the late afternoon of October 31, 2005, and was never seen alive again.

Teresa Halbach’s family reported her as a missing person two days later. Officers from the Manitowoc County police attended Avery’s business on November 3, 2005, as it was the last known point of contact for Halbach. They spoke to Steven Avery who stated Halbach had been there, took her photos, then left in her vehicle—a Toyota RAV4—around 4:30 pm. Avery said he had no idea where she went.

The police were suspicious but had no evidence to expand on. Halbach had vanished. Her vehicle was gone. Her cell phone was inactive, and her bank cards hadn’t been used.

The Manitowoc police returned to Avery’s property on November 5. They found Halbach’s RAV4 partially hidden at the back of the property. Subsequently, they obtained a search warrant and went through the place on November 8. Behind Steven Avery’s detached garage, they found a firepit. It contained the nearly incinerated remains of Teresa Halbach.

The search, and subsequent searches, found considerable evidence showing Avery was criminally connected to murdering Halbach. Before listing and discussing the validity of that evidence, it’s important to know two things.

One is the Manitowoc County police realized the potential conflict of interest in investigating Steven Avery for a serious crime given he currently had the police department and specific officers under a massive lawsuit. They enlisted the help of neighboring Calumet County police as well as the Wisconsin State police for oversight and evidence processing.

The other is the prosecution and defense positions at the trial. The DA posited that Avery intentionally lured Halbach to his property to rape and kill her—that it was planned and premediated which constituted first-degree murder. The State’s case was that Avery shot Halbach in the head inside his garage with a .22 caliber rifle. The bullet exited and remained on the concrete floor. Then he took her body behind the shop and placed it in an earthen pit, burning it using tires as an accelerant. After, he stashed her vehicle and partly covered it as a disguise but kept the ignition key after disabling the battery, cutting himself in the process. Avery also attempted to dispose of Halbach’s cell phone, camera, palm pilot, and purse in a burning barrel close to the fire pit.

The defense’s stance was that all the evidence was phony as it was fabricated and planted by the police to frame Steven Avery.

Here’s a list of the prominent physical evidence admitted in court that secured Steven Avery’s murder conviction:

A fired.22 caliber bullet containing Teresa Halbach’s DNA — found in the garage.
A .22 caliber rifle that fired that bullet — found in Avery’s house.
An ignition key from Halbach’s vehicle containing Avery’s DNA — found in his bedroom.
Avery’s blood — found in Halbach’s vehicle.
Halbach’s skull bone fragments — found in the fire pit with an evident gunshot wound consistent with the .22.
Halbach’s vehicle — found partially hidden on Avery’s property.
Halbach’s personal effects — found partially burned in the barrel.

Let’s discuss each evidence point and why the Netflix documentary suggested that police had planted the evidence to frame Steven Avery.

The fired .22 bullet.

This was found on the concrete floor of Avery’s garage under a portable air compressor. It was missed in an initial search which led to speculation that the police had returned with it to plant in the framing conspiracy. There’s no question that it was fired by the rifle found in Avery’s house. The crime lab conclusively linked it “with the exclusion of all other firearms.” The lab also conclusively linked DNA from blood on the bullet to Teresa Halbach.

The .22 rifle.

The rifle was a Marlin Glenfield model. There was a serial number on it however there was no link to Steven Avery as it was not the type of firearm requiring registration. It was simply hanging on a wall inside Avery’s house. The rifle was not seized during the initial house search. That’s because the bullet hadn’t been found yet, and there was no nexus to the rifle. The crime lab conclusively linked the Marlin .22 as having fired the bullet with Halbach’s DNA on it “with the exclusion of all other firearms”.

The RAV4 ignition key with Avery’s DNA.

This is one of the most hotly contested evidence points in the case. That’s because it was found in Avery’s bedroom—allegedly in plain sight—after police had searched the room twice before. And it was found by one of the Manitowoc officers who was named in Avery’s suit and who had recently ben deposed in a hearing associated with the lawsuit. The crime lab positively identified Avery’s DNA on the key fob and classified it as trace DNA originating from Avery’s sweat.

Avery’s blood found in Halbach’s vehicle.

This is another contentious issue. Blood smears, identified through DNA as originating from Avery, were found on Holbach’s ignition switch, a CD case, on both front seats, and on the hood opening latch. An officer noted a cut on Avery’s right middle finger when he was initially interviewed about Halbach’s disappearance.

Avery’s defense team and the Netflix documentary made a lot of mileage with suggestions that the police had obtained a sample of Avery’s blood and planted it on the vehicle. Their theory had some basis to it. During the post-investigation, a vial of Steven Avery’s blood was found in the Manitowoc police evidence locker. It was taken during the 1985 sexual assault investigation where he was wrongfully convicted and had remained locked up over the years.

Something highly suspicious was around that vial. It was found that the evidence anti-tampering seal had been broken on the storage box and a needle hole was observed having punctured the rubber stopper. Here was the holy tampering grail the defense and the documentary thought they had found. Someone within the police custody chain had taken a syringe of Avery’s blood and smeared it about the RAV4.

“Not so fast,” said the DA. “Back up here and examine the chain of custody ledger. It shows that during the reinvestigation of Avery’s sexual assault conviction, the crime lab had obtained that vial to use a sample of Avery’s blood to extract DNA used to exonerate him. Nothing to see here but we’ll go a step further.”

The vial holding Steven Avery’s blood was a Vacu-tainer that contained an anti-coagulate preservative called ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid or EDTA for short. This stabilized the blood to keep it stored in the sealed container. To put a rest to the planted blood accusation, the FBI ran a sophisticated test on the six smears found in Halbach’s SUV. There was no trace of EDTA found in those smears concluding that the smears, although positively from Avery, could not have been syringed from the Vacu-tainer and clandestinely placed in the victim’s vehicle.

Halbach’s skull bone fragments.

Two fragments of Teresa Halbach’s skull bone displayed a hole consistent with a .22 caliber gunshot wound. Each half showed a crescent defect that when placed together formed an entire circle. On the inside of the bones was a notable beveling which is caused by the bullet entering from the outer surface, passing through, and blowing out the inner edges along the circumference of the passageway. The significance of this gunshot evidence is a clear nexus to Avery’s guilt—a hole in her head of .22 diameter, a fired.22 bullet with her DNA on it, and the .22 rifle firing the bullet that caused the gunshot wound hanging in Avery’s house.

Halbach’s vehicle found on Avery’s property.

Halbach’s Toyota was found near the rear of the Avery property that measured 80 acres. It was along a fence line and partially hidden with brush and assorted plywood pieces around the sides, making it somewhat hard to see. The keys were out and the battery had been disconnected. This was an obvious attempt at concealment which is consistent with mens rea or a guilty mind.

Halbach’s personal effects found in the barrel.

Again, this was another sign of a guilty mind with an attempt at destroying evidence linking Halbach’s disappearance to Avery. Why they weren’t burnt along with the body, no one seems to know. By the way, Steven Avery never confessed which leads to the biggest controversy in the entire story—one the Netflix documentary Making a Murderer covers in depth and that may have true basis to confirming a massive miscarriage of justice.

Brendan Dassey’s confession in assisting Steven Avery to murder Teresa Halbach.

Anyone who has looked at anything evidentiary in the Avery-Halbach case knows that Stephen Avery’s younger cousin, Brendan Dassey confessed to detectives that he helped Avery restrain, sexually assault, and kill Teresa Halbach, then assisted him with disposing of the body and cleaning the garage.

While I’m completely satisfied that Steven Avery is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of murdering Teresa Halbach, and police in no way fabricated and/or planted evidence to frame Avery, I have severe doubts about the validity of Brendan Dassey’s confession. Apparently, it’s been used as the uncorroborated sole evidence to convict Dassey as complicit in the crime and hand him a life sentence, however with a parole chance in 2048. The possibility of this being a classic case of psychologically manipulating a low-intelligence person into falsely confessing is high. Very high.

In fact, the Dassey confession is so controversial that I’m going to devote a separate blog post to it in Did Brendan Dassey Really Help Steven Avery Murder Teresa Halbach? Watch for this on DyingWords.net two weeks from today.