Tag Archives: Murder

MURDERABILIA — WHY PEOPLE COLLECT KILLERS’ KEEPSAKES

There’s a market for almost anything—even the belongings of serial killers and mass murderers. A painting, a lock of hair, a handwritten note from a prison cell—ordinary objects become strangely valuable when they’re tied to a nefarious name. This is the shadow trade of murderabilia, a growing subculture where true crime and macabre profit collide as collective commerce.

It exists quietly but persistently, tucked away in online forums, niche marketplaces, and private transactions between collectors who don’t advertise their passions in polite company. To some, these items are artifacts of criminal history. To others, they’re trophies—tangible reminders of society’s darkest impulses.

Whatever the reason, whatever the cause, the demand is real. And it’s not going away.

Murderabilia refers to physical items linked to people who have committed murder—often serial killers or perpetrators of horrific crimes so notorious that their names became permanently etched into the public imagination. These items can include original artwork, clothing, letters, trial documents, typewriters, glasses, personal effects, and even body parts like hair or nail clippings.

Charles Manson’s hair had been repeatedly cut, bagged, and sold online. John Wayne Gacy’s clown paintings routinely fetch thousands of dollars. Ted Bundy’s courtroom glasses were bought for fifty grand by a Las Vegas collector. And a patch of dirt from a serial killer’s backyard burial site has gone for above the price of an eco-vacation.

The more infamous the name, the more valuable the relic. And it’s not just objects. It’s energy, mythology, and status. Collectors don’t just want to see the darkness. They want to own it.

What Gets Sold and How

John Wayne Gacy—convicted of murdering 33 young men and boys in the 1970s—was a prolific painter while on death row. His most well-known subject: himself, dressed as “Pogo the Clown.” Many of these paintings were gifted or sold before his execution in 1994. Today, some sell for upward of fifty grand.

One of Gacy’s most infamous pieces—a depiction of his own house, crawlspace included where only he knew where the bodies were buried—was acquired by a collector for $175,000. Not because it was artistically brilliant. Because it carried an emotional residue no canvas from a gallery ever could.

Charles Manson left behind a trail of physical and symbolic debris. Among the most traded items linked to him are strands of hair, prison letters, and drawings. His hair was sold in small clumps—carefully snipped during visits or grooming sessions—and vacuum-sealed for authenticity. A few letters, scribbled in his erratic penmanship, have sold for thousands apiece.

Then there’s Ted Bundy.

The glasses he wore during his trial became one of the most widely circulated items of murderabilia in recent years. They were purchased by collector and museum curator Zak Bagans for $50,000 and now reside in his Las Vegas “Haunted Museum,” where visitors pay to get close to evil—without the risk.

Even objects on the fringe, like Rex Heuermann’s Vietnam-era Jeep or his junior-high yearbook, made it onto eBay in 2025 before any verdict had been reached. The connection to potential violence was enough to drive bidding. Nothing needed to be proven as the scent of infamy was enough.

One seller posted baggies of dirt taken from the property where serial killer Dorothea Puente buried her victims. Asking price? $5,000 each.

It’s not about aesthetics. It’s about association. In this world, provenance trumps beauty every time.

Who’s Buying and Why?

Trying to understand murderabilia means entering the mind of the collector—not to excuse, but to examine. Psychologists who’ve studied this behavior agree: the drive is rarely about morbid curiosity alone. It’s more complex than that.

Dr. Katherine Ramsland, a forensic psychologist and prolific true crime author, describes the phenomenon as attraction to an “aura.” She argues that some people believe these objects hold an invisible energy—residual power from the crime itself. Ramsland likens it to religious relics. Where some people seek grace through a saint’s bone, others seek dread through a killer’s belongings.

Criminologist Scott Bonn coined the term talisman effect to describe how certain individuals believe these items give them power, protection, or access to something primal. It’s about owning darkness without being consumed by it. Getting close to evil without crossing the line.

There’s also the thrill of taboo. In a world that increasingly flattens identity through digital sameness, owning something truly forbidden becomes a way to feel exceptional. It signals rebellion. Difference. Edginess. You don’t just like true crime—you own a piece of it.

Some collectors refer to themselves as preservationists. They argue that history—however gruesome—should be preserved, not erased. That’s why many seek letters, court transcripts, or even artwork created by incarcerated individuals. For them, it’s not about celebrating the crime. It’s about studying it. Cataloguing it. Holding it up as a reminder of what humans are capable of.

But others are drawn to murderabilia for less noble reasons.

Dr. Michael Apter, in his research on reversal theory, notes that risk-seeking behavior often thrives when it’s framed as “safe.” In the context of murderabilia, you can own a killer’s belongings—hold them in your hands—without ever being in harm’s way. It becomes a controlled form of fear. A way to manipulate mortality.

That’s a heady cocktail. Power, rebellion, access, and status—all wrapped into one.

The Hybristophilia Link

There’s another psychological concept that intersects here. Hybristophilia. It’s defined as the romantic or sexual attraction to people who have committed violent crimes. While often applied to people who write love letters to serial killers on death row, it has connections to murderabilia as well.

Some collectors blur the line between fascination and fixation. They want not only the story—but intimacy with the person behind it. For them, the artifact isn’t just a souvenir. It’s a substitute for contact. A way to feel connected to someone who, in another context, might have been a fantasy figure.

The fact that these fantasies are rooted in horror only heightens the attraction. It’s dangerous. It’s forbidden. And that’s the point.

Where It’s Sold and Who Profits

The mainstream marketplace has largely rejected murderabilia. eBay banned it in 2001 after public backlash. Etsy won’t allow it. Facebook groups are shut down routinely for violating community guidelines.

But the demand didn’t die. It migrated.

Websites like MurderAuction.com, Supernaught, and the now-defunct Serial Killers Ink cater to this niche. Items are listed with disclaimers, verified through personal letters, certificates of authenticity, or connections to prison contacts. The collectors—while secretive—are consistent.

Some sellers are former prison guards, lawyers, or family members of inmates. Others are repeat buyers who became dealers over time. And a few, disturbingly, are the killers themselves.

When laws don’t prohibit it, some inmates create and sell artwork, autographs, or written confessions—often with help from outsiders. A 2010 federal attempt to stop this—the Stop the Sale of Murderabilia Act—never passed. As a result, enforcement is patchy. Some U.S. states like California and Texas have banned inmates from profiting off crime-related sales, but loopholes remain.

One workaround? Killers sell “non-crime” items—generic drawings, for example—through intermediaries. As long as they don’t mention the murders, it slips under the radar.

Other collectors trade through private email lists, direct contacts, or invite-only forums. These channels are harder to track—and more profitable for those who know how to navigate them.

Historical Echoes: When Curiosity Crossed into Obsession

Long before eBay listings and niche websites, humans collected the macabre out of fascination. In Renaissance Europe, the cabinet of curiosities—Wunderkammer—was a popular trend. Collectors displayed oddities like preserved animals, human remains, ethnographic relics, and bizarre natural specimens in rooms devoted to wonder and dread. These collections blurred the line between science, spectacle, and the sacred.

Such collections served to demonstrate status and control over knowledge—even over the horrific. In London, New Scotland Yard’s Crime Museum (aka the Black Museum) began in the 1870s as a teaching tool for officers—storing weapons, masks, and personal items linked to criminals—but was not accessible to the general public, preserving the line between education and spectacle… until recently…

That blending of object, story, and authority laid the groundwork for today’s open—but fundamentally private—murderabilia trade.

What Drives Collectors: Insights from Psychology

Collecting everything from benign memorabilia to deeply unsettling artifacts is surprisingly common. It’s estimated that roughly 30–40% of households engage in some form of collecting, rooted in emotion, identity, or nostalgia—not simply material value. When the object in question is linked to murder, motives become complex and often disturbing.

The “aura” of danger, as forensic psychologist Katherine Ramsland describes it, gives some of these items a kind of residue that collectors seek to capture—a sensation of raw proximity that feels both controlled and thrilling. Harold Schechter, in his writings on murderabilia, notes that such items become relics, “possessing a vibe similar to religious relics,” carrying meaning beyond their material form.

Beyond aura, there’s talismanic thinking—a belief that an object holds power. Criminologist Scott Bonn labels these “talismans,” allowing collectors to touch a form of danger without being exposed to real-life risk.

The thrill of taboo plays a role, too—owning something others condemn becomes a way to signal rebellion and uniqueness. The combination of emotional ownership, identity signaling, and rare collectability adds layers to the psychology behind murderabilia.

 

Ethical Fault Lines: Victim Voices Versus Collector Claims

Collectors often claim to preserve history or demystify taboos. Some even approach the practice with a veneer of academic interest. As one collector told Oxygen.com, “I understand why it rubs a lot of people the wrong way… but I know a lot of collectors… that approach it more acceptably”.

Yet victims’ families often see these objects as ongoing wounds. Reducing trauma to trinkets inflicts a secondary harm. The line between preserving history and profiting from tragedy becomes morally suspect—even if legally defensible.

The Media, True Crime Culture, and Murderabilia

Media exposure fuels curiosity—and curiosity ignites demand.

Anthropologists note that serial killers have become figures of myth or legend—and murderabilia plays into that mythology. When documentaries, podcasts, or dramatizations enter the mainstream, they humanize the killer in dark ways. That softens the taboo and primes the market.

Collectors don’t live in isolation. They share stories, valuations, provenance, and context through online forums, influencer communities, and specialist blogs. That’s what gives murderabilia symbolic and social capital—a form of prestige in a dark fandom.

The Digital Future: NFTs, AI, and a Dangerous Horizon

What comes next?

Digital replicas—NFTs of handwritten notes, AI-generated “in the style of” killer art—threaten to expand the market beyond physical boundaries. It’s not only about owning a relic—it becomes owning the idea of evil.

Digitization can sanitize horror or amplify it, depending on who’s doing the curating. The transformation from tangible trauma to virtual collectible is not sci-fi—it’s already emerging.

Murderabilia exists because fascination with evil is wired into our culture. It serves as a mirror—revealing a public appetite for boundary-testing, morbid storytelling, and identity via taboo.

Turning tragedy into collectible erodes empathy. It transforms real horror into a commodity. It obscures memory behind commerce.

We have a choice: let murderabilia become more normalized—or confront the cruelty of turning horror into hobby. Horror isn’t collectible.

Historical Lineage: Legends, Cabinets, Curiosities

Collectors long have assembled odd and unsettling objects—not merely for display, but as a way to assert mastery or provoke wonder. In Renaissance Europe, cabinets of curiosities (Kunstkamers or Wunderkammer) displayed exotic seashells, taxidermied oddities, and artifacts from distant lands.

These collections blurred lines between science, theology, and spectacle, doubling as status symbols and intellectual outposts. They weren’t always clean or academic—sometimes they were fantastical, pushing the boundaries of fact and myth.

Historical precedents show that curiosity about crime isn’t new—but today, collectors blur the lines between legal study, voyeurism, and commerce.

What the Research Says: Emotional and Economic Drivers

In academic circles, murderabilia collectors blur emotional devotion with commodification. A study based on interviews with collectors found that many view these items as “rarer memorabilia”—not just collectible, but symbolic emotional anchors, sometimes described as buying and enjoying evil.

Another psychological insight comes from Katherine Ramsland: possessing murderabilia lets collectors “experience the killer’s aura from a safe distance.” That phrase describes it neatly—thrill without threat, dread without danger.

Big Think tangibly suggests that serial killer art might be more fruitfully used for research than auction: it offers clinicians insights into pathologies rather than sensational memorabilia.

Anthropologists studying murderabilia networks have observed that these items also offer symbolic capital among enthusiasts—like badges in a niche fan community. Ownership means prestige, if clouded in taboo.

What People Actually Buy and Why It Matters

Let’s examine additional documented artifacts and their meaning—not just their price.

  • A BTK killer (Dennis Rader) letter page surfaced for sale at around $2,000 because the collector saw the value in Rader’s signature touches—literally. The aura, again, gave it worth.
  • Wayne Lo, the Bard College shooter, auctioned his own artwork online—not as grim prints but as “creative work.” The controversy this triggered reignited public debate: where does art end and exploitation begin?
  • Ted Kaczynski (Unabomber) items—journals, tools, even trivial ephemera—were seized and publicly auctioned in 2011. But the key point is: proceeds went to victims—a model of turning tragedy into restitution, not to novelty.

These examples highlight moral distinctions: Is the collector preserving or profiting? Is the victim’s dignity honored—or overshadowed?

Ethics Versus Free Markets

Legal attempts to ban murderabilia have had mixed results. eBay prohibited murder-related content in 2001—restricting listings until 100 years after the event. Some states (including Texas, New Jersey, California, Michigan, Utah) passed “Son of Sam” -style laws preventing murderers from profiting. Even a federal bill in 2010 tried to outlaw murderabilia trade—only to stall and die in committee.

If the item isn’t directly tied to the crime—sold by someone not the murderer—the laws struggle to intervene. The distinction between “collector” and “colluder” remains murky.

Where You Can Buy Murderabilia

If you’re into it, and can afford it, there are online sites where you can add murderabilia to your shopping cart. Most will take prominent credit cards or collect through Paypal. But caveat emptor. Buyer beware.

These are the main murderabilia merchants:

Where This Could Go Next

The internet has broadened the audience, and there’s no obvious upper limit to the marketplace’s evolution. Future trends to watch:

  • Digitized Murderabilia: NFTs of killer confessions. AI virtual recreations of crime scenes so vivid you’ll think you are there. Digital “possessions” tied to killers—real horror, virtual shelf-space.
  • Institutional Canonization: Imagine true-crime museums embracing these objects for educational or artistic purposes—but where do you draw the line between legal-sanctioned memorial and morbid spectacle?
  • Clinical Research Use: Big Think argues for donating serial killer art to psychologists instead of auction houses. It’s a shift from sensationalism toscholarship.

This subculture echoes a deeper societal fissure. At one end, murderabilia reflects a shallowness—a society turning tragedy into collectible trend. It dehumanizes the most brutal of experiences through curiosity turned product.

But on another level, it holds a mirror up to collective trauma. Even the most morbid display stems from a need to confront evil—to own a piece of it, interpret it, master it—and survive. That impulse can flicker between macabre obsession and meaningful reflection.

The question remains. Will murderabilia evolve toward informed preservation—or devolve into digital replicas of grief, normalized and devoid of empathy? If curiosity drives collection, let empathy guide its limits but, for whatever reason, there’ll always be murderabiliasts. People who collect killers’ keepsakes.

THE REAL REASON BEHIND THE MANSON CULT MURDERS

When you read the words “cult” and “murders” in the same line, you’ll evoke evil images of Charles Manson motivating his deadly cult to commit Helter Skelter—an apocalyptic race war between blacks and whites. The picture of wild-eyed Manson with a swastika carved in his forehead, and the sight of his head-shaven girls occupying the courthouse steps, seared themselves into American criminal history. Charles Manson is gone, but his memory lives on in villainous infamy. However, Charles Manson’s true motive for his cult murders wasn’t Helter Skelter. That’s nonsense. But Manson’s real reason remained shrouded in secrecy—until now.

During the summer of 1969, Charles Manson’s family of social misfits and rebellious rejects went on a homicidal rampage in the greater Los Angeles area. At least ten innocent victims lost their lives. The high-profile Manson family mass-murders claimed actress Sharon Tate and her celebrity friends who were shot, strangled, and stabbed to death. Businesspeople Rosemary and Leno LaBianca fell as well to Manson-ordered, cult-wielding knives. Charles Manson was also directly responsible for three or more individual murders associated with Manson’s criminal enterprise.

Throughout the Manson Family murder trial, district attorney and prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi pleaded a case that Charles Manson masterminded the Tate and LaBianca murders, although Manson wasn’t hands-on during the killings. Bugliosi argued Manson exercised totalitarian mind control over his cult members and convinced them to commit murder on his behalf.

Manson’s motive, Bugliosi offered, was Charles Manson proclaimed he was the reincarnation of a Jesus-like messiah who’d rule the world following an inevitable race war between blacks and whites. Manson called this Helter Skelter. Bugliosi’s case rested on the motive theory that Manson organized the Tate and LaBianca murders to frame the Black Panther movement and start his imaginary race Armageddon.

Bugliosi claimed Manson’s convoluted motive was personal gain and control after Helter Skelter occurred. Helter Skelter was a term Charles Manson adopted from the Beatles White Album that Manson claimed described the race war and its fallout. There’s no doubt from the trial evidence that Manson preached Helter Skelter to his followers, and they took it hook, line, and sinker. The Helter Skelter motive theory was enough to convince a jury to convict Manson and six family members of first-degree murder, sending them to death row. Their capital sentences were eventually reduced to life in prison where some still remain.

Now, after fifty-five years, the theory of Charles Manson’s bizarre Helter Skelter motive no longer stands the sniff test. It’s bunk, and Manson knew it. As a clever and cunning con man, Manson didn’t believe his own BS. He had a much different motive for ordering his followers to carry out the Tate and LaBianca slayings. Charles Manson’s real reason for his cult murders was to cover up another crime.

Charles Manson’s Criminal Background

If ever there was someone born to be a career criminal, it was Charles Manson. His birth mother was a disturbed teenager from Cincinnati, Ohio. There’s doubt about who Manson’s biological father was, but he took the surname Manson from a man who married his mother while she was still pregnant. The name on his birth certificate was Charles Milles Maddox after his biological mother’s maiden name.

Manson’s mother spent his childhood years revolving in and out of jail. She was a destitute alcoholic, and Manson bounced between her relatives. He relocated to an aunt’s home in Charleston, West Virginia and then to another aunt’s place in Indianapolis. By age ten, Charles Manson was already incorrigible. He was caught breaking into a house and stealing a gun.

At twelve, Manson was incarcerated in a Terre Haute, Indiana juvenile delinquent home. He escaped and survived by living on the streets of Indianapolis. Now Manson graduated from break-ins to stealing cars. By his 14th birthday, Charles Manson was sentenced to five years in a Nebraska prison for armed robbery.

Manson had a rough go in the penitentiary. He was a little man with big little-man syndrome. Even as an adult, Charles Manson only stood 5’ 2” and weighed 125 lbs. Much larger prisoners repeatedly raped and sodomized tiny Manson. He developed a defense mechanism that would be a lifelong trademark. Charles Manson pretended to be crazy, and the act worked for him.

Manson got paroled in 1954 and moved to Ohio. Soon, he was back into stealing cars and took one for a ride to Los Angeles. He supported himself through thefts, break-ins and robberies but found time to get a girl pregnant and marry her. Manson also learned to make extra money by pimping-out his new wife.

In 1956, Charles Manson was back in the federal prison system for another five-year stint. This time he was psychologically evaluated and deemed to be aggressively antisocial. His prison IQ test scored 119 with the national average being 100. The shrinks said there was nothing crazy about Charles Manson. In fact, he was quite bright.

Manson conned his way into early parole. He was out by 1958 and practicing a new trade which he’d learned from the pros in prison. Charles Manson began assembling a harem and lived off the avails of prostitution. He’d realized it was easier and safer to get others to commit crimes for him.

But, like other criminal ventures Charles Manson tried, he got caught again when one of the girls turned on him. As well, Manson had been kiting bad checks which was a federal offense. Manson was back in the pen in 1959—this time for a ten-year sentence.

Manson’s Musical, Scientology, and Carnegie Influence

Charles Manson played the prison system well. He used the crazy act when convenient but also took some schooling. Another psychiatric assessment identified Manson’s “tremendous drive to call attention to himself”. By accident or design, Manson was cellmates with the infamous bank robber, Alvin Karpis. It was Karpis who taught Charles Manson to play the guitar.

Manson learned several more skills in prison. He became an astute student of Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People. Manson also studied Scientology. Persuading people and gathering large groups became Charles Manson’s burning desire. His intent upon freedom was to use his musical aptitude, his charm, and his con-man conversion skills to gather a female following. Originally, Manson’s game was nothing more than a front for a profitable prostitution ring and a try at building a music audience.

In 1967, Manson made parole again. Now he was in Washington State where he’d been transferred within the federal system. The timing was right for strands of fate to align and begin building Charles Manson’s deadly hippie cult. He moved to San Francisco.

This was the “summer of love” and the peak of the California counterculture of hippies and freeloaders centered in San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district. Many of the hippies were disenchanted girls from broken homes or strict families. The hippie lifestyle of sex, drugs, and rock n’ roll was uber-attractive to these vulnerable kids. It was the perfect position for a perverted predator like Charles Manson to exploit.

Manson arrived in San Francisco at the height of the hippie movement. Now, he had two distinct and definite purposes. One was to start a prostitution ring. The other was to build a music career. Manson was smart enough to know he needed a following for both goals. He put his guitar, Carnegie, and Scientology skills to work and assembled his family.

The Manson Family Members

Today, most of the main Manson Family female members are household names. Everyone knows about Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme who tried to assassinate President Gerald Ford. And, of course, Susan “Sadie” Atkins is well known. So are Patricia Krenwinkel, Leslie Van Houten, Linda Kasabian, Mary Bruner, and Diane Lake.

Although Manson’s intention was to build a female following, there were a few young men who joined the family. Noteworthy were Charles “Tex” Watson, Steve “Clem” Grogan, Bruce Davis, and a good-looking young guy by the name of Bobby Beausoleil. All four would eventually go down for murders orchestrated by Charles Manson.

Looking at the Manson Family objectively, it wasn’t Charles Manson’s original intention to build a cult. His big drive was to be famous through music, and he needed a built-in audience to attract a record label. Manson was fascinated by the Beatles’ success and their music. He intended to follow their path. The cult-thing was an accidental by-product of his grandiose delusion of stardom.

A cult can be either destructive or non-destructive. Generally, a cult is an organization of followers with a charismatic leader who preaches false information. Scientology is clearly a cult, but they don’t seem to go around killing people. The Charles Manson Family did. They were about as destructive a cult as you can find.

You’ve got to give Charles Manson some credit for both drive and balls. While in prison with Karpis, Manson got a lead on a Los Angeles record producer named Phil Kaufman who Karpis knew from the outside. Kaufman was business partners with the influential recording producer, Terry Melcher, who was Doris Day’s son. Melcher was also the producer for big names like the Beach Boys, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, and the Mommas and Poppas.

Charles Manson amassed about 100 followers who he plied with psychedelic drugs and mesmerized their strung-out brains with messiah-like preaching about Beatle song interpretations. He gained his audience in San Francisco but knew the music action was in L.A. In 1969, Manson packed up the family and headed south. He tracked down Terry Melcher and talked his way into Melcher’s home at 10050 Cielo Drive in north Los Angeles. This was the home Sharon Tate was about to occupy.

Terry Melcher wasn’t impressed with Manson’s musical talent, but he took an interest in Manson’s personality. Melcher never outright turned Manson down for a record deal. He encouraged Manson to keep writing, practicing, and building an audience. Manson took Melcher’s advice to heart and did just that.

Manson and the Beach Boys

Charles Manson’s big musical break came by total fluke. Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys picked up two of Manson’s girls who were hitchhiking. Seeing them as an easy sexual mark, Wilson took the girls back to his Los Angeles mansion and had his way. Once the two returned to the family and told Manson about the encounter, Charles Manson saw a tremendous opportunity. He had the audacity to take 20 of his female followers and invade Wilson’s house.

Tempted by unlimited sex, Dennis Wilson let the Manson Family stay until they wore out their welcome a few months later. By then, Manson and his followers sponged tens of thousands of dollars off Wilson and his associates. The Wilson connection gave Manson access to big names like Neil Young who Manson had many jam-sessions with.

Dennis Wilson (Beach Boys) left – Charles Manson right

In the spring of 1969, Manson was going nowhere in his music world and his grip on his cult was loosening. People dropped off and recruiting was slow now that the counter-culture revolution had run its course. Manson wasn’t interested in retaining men, but he did everything to hang onto women. They were still his bread and butter. That continued to work as long as he supplied them with drugs and continued to make them feel valued.

One thing about running a cult is that it’s hard work. It takes a lot of supplies and energy to keep up the charade. Manson constantly needed to take his game to a higher step to retain control. He did this by preaching Helter Skelter, and it worked.

By now, Charles Manson had convinced his hard-core followers that he was a messiah—the “Son of Man”. He played on their fears and hopes where he predicted a race war between blacks and whites where the blacks would kill all the whites and then turn to the Manson Family for leadership. This was all nonsense, of course, and Manson knew it.

However, this Helter Skelter nonsense acted as glue for the family, and they bought it. To buy time while he pursued other music leads, Charles Manson upped his preaching game. He also upped his LSD and methamphetamine supply. For that, they needed money, and this got Manson in a pickle.

The Start of the Manson Family Murders

After Manson and the family left Dennis Wilson’s place, they couch surfed, leaching off whoever would tolerate them. One place was next door to 3301 Waverly Drive in north Los Angeles—the home of Rosemary and Leno LaBianca. After that brief stay, Manson found an old movie set called the Spahn Ranch in the desert northwest of L.A.

Manson paid his rent to eighty-year-old George Spahn in sexual favors performed by his girls. With this new spot and its remote location, Manson now had more control over who was coming and going in the family. One of the newcomers was a 21-year-old wanna-be musician, Bobby Beausoleil.

Charles Manson was under constant pressure to fund his family. It took money to pay for drugs, food, and vehicles that the Manson Family required. Most of their money came from prostitution, drug trafficking and petty theft. From that, they barely scraped by. Charles Manson saw an opportunity and hatched a plan for a big money score.

One of Manson’s musical acquaintances was Gary Hinman who was a quiet and well-educated man. Hinman found Manson and his followers interesting but had no desire to join them. Manson heard a rumor that Hinman recently acquired a large inheritance, so Manson sent Bobby Beausoleil and Susan Atkins to check it out.

Gary Hinman knew Beausoleil and Atkins. He willingly let them in. Both Atkins and Beausoleil were drugged and unstable. When they approached Hinman to join their family, he again declined. The conversation turned to money, and Hinman put his foot down. It turned ugly. The Manson Family members took Hinman hostage and began torturing him.

Beausoleil phoned Manson back at the ranch and told him they weren’t getting anywhere with Hinman. They asked for Manson’s direction. Manson told Atkins and Beausoleil to keep Hinman tied up till he got there. Once Manson arrived, he took over, cutting Hinman’s ear off to set an example.

Hinman still refused to give in. In frustration, Manson took Atkins and left—telling Beausoleil, “You know what to do.” Manson also told Beausoleil to make the scene look like the Black Panthers were involved, reminding Beausoleil of the apocalyptic doom of Helter Skelter.

Bobby Beausoleil took that as a clear signal and authorization from his leader—Charles Manson—to kill Gary Hinman. With Manson gone, Bobby Beausoleil stabbed Hinman to death while Hinman stayed tied to a chair. Beausoleil then wrote “Pig” on the front door in Hinman’s blood as well as leaving a bloody paw print which was the Black Panther symbol.

Beausoleil was drugged, fatigued, and not thinking straight. He stole Hinman’s car, hid the knife in the trunk and drove from the scene. Within hours, the police found Bobby Beausoleil asleep in Hinman’s stolen car. His clothes were bloody and so was the murder weapon that was still in the trunk. The police backtracked, found Hinman’s body, and charged Bobby Beausoleil with first-degree murder.

Charles Manson Plans the Tate & LaBianca Murders

Beausoleil’s arrest worried Charles Manson. He was concerned—really concerned—that Bobby Beausoleil would crack, squeal, and implicate Charles Manson as a murder accomplice. That got the wheels turning in Manson’s head, and his convoluted logic kicked in.

Charles Manson calculated that if similar murders occurred with a modus operandi (MO) like what Beausoleil did to Hinman, then the police would have to conclude the real killers were still out there. Therefore, they’d have to drop the charges, release Bobby Beausoleil, and the heat would be off Charles Manson.

Manson figured he’d put his other family members to work by casing out locations and finding suitable murder victims. He knew he could convince his most-trusted lieutenants who accepted his Helter Skelter prophesies. Manson gathered them and said it was now time to start Helter Skelter. He said nothing about covering up the botched Gary Hinman murder.

The first place Manson targeted was 10050 Cielo Drive. Manson knew Terry Melcher moved out. In fact, Manson came face-to-face with Sharon Tate when he went looking for Melcher one day. Manson picked Tate’s residence for two reasons. One was he knew that celebrity murders would get a lot of attention. Secondly, Manson was familiar with the layout.

On the night of August 8, 1969, Charles Manson instructed Tex Watson to take Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian and kill everyone inside 10050 Ceilo Drive. Manson also directed them to make the scene look like a Black Panther attack by writing bloody messages on the walls. He implicitly said this was the start of Helter Skelter and it was their privilege to carry it out.

The drug-fueled cult members bought every word of it. Without going into graphic details, the Manson Family members cold-bloodedly killed Sharon Tate, Jay Sebring, Abagail Folger, Wojciech Frykowski, and an innocent visitor named Steve Parent.

One mass killing wasn’t good enough for Charles Manson. The next night, Manson accompanied the same murderous group to the Leno and Rosemary LaBianca house on Waverly Drive. This time he took along Leslie Van Houten and Clem Grogan. Again, Manson didn’t get his hands bloody. He picked the LaBianca home simply because he knew the layout and that they were wealthy. Once Manson located the home, he left and the Manson Family cult members went in for the kill.

Bit by bit, Manson’s grip on his cult slipped away. It took a while for the police to connect the Tate and LaBianca murders and find evidence linking the Manson cult to the crimes. Even when the police raided the Spahn Ranch and arrested Manson and his remaining followers on car theft suspicion, they failed to make any connection to the August murder spree. It wasn’t until Susan Atkins opened her mouth in jail that the cat came out of the bag.

Many of the Manson Family members testified at the Tate and LaBianca murder trials. Each one attributed the motive to Charles Manson’s Helter Skelter vision. One can’t blame them for revealing this as the motive because that’s what they honestly believed. Only Charles Manson knew his real motive for his cult killings. That’s a secret Manson took to the grave with him.

*   *   *

I’m not making up this theory about Charles Manson’s real motive for his cult murders. Vincent Bugliosi is on the record for purporting the Gary Hinman murder connection as the real reason why Manson ordered the Tate and LiBianca “copy-cat” killings. It makes sense when you think about it. And if you think about it, Bugliosi ran with the Helter Skelter motive because he knew he could sell it to the jury—not so with the Hinman coverup.

Charles Manson was a psychopath, but he wasn’t psychotic. He was a shrewd little con-man and a calculating criminal. His entire MO was using people to commit criminal acts, and his cult following—which was supposed to be a Beatles-like fan club—got carried away into one of the most notorious murder cases in history. It was all about covering up a crime gone bad.

If you’re interested in a fascinating look at how Charles Manson built and controlled his cult, I suggest reading a 2015 undergraduate honors thesis by Robin Altman of the University of Colorado, Boulder. It’s titled Sympathy for the Devil: Charles Manson’s Exploitation of California’s 1960 Counter-Culture. The thesis also concludes Manson’s real motive for the Tate & LaBianca murders was to cover up Bobby Beausoleil’s blotched job and to protect/divert suspicion from Charles Manson.

THE BOSTON STRANGLER—WAS IT REALLY ALBERT DESALVO?

The Boston Strangler was America’s first modern serial killer case. From June 1962 until January 1964, someone terrorized the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts with thirteen sexually motivated murders. Single women of all ages were raped, sadistically brutalized, and strangled to death inside their apartments. Apparently, they voluntarily let their killer in.

The slaying string suddenly stopped. No one was apprehended, charged, or convicted. For years, the Boston Strangler serial murders remained unsolved. The files—whatever was left of them—sat shelved with other cold cases. Day-by-day, the trail got icier. That’s until modern forensic science revisited the evidence using cutting-edge, DNA genotyping.

Authorities long debated whether Albert DeSalvo was the Boston Strangler. He was a serial sexual predator and certainly capable of strangling women while raping them. In fact, Albert DeSalvo admitted being the Strangler and claimed responsibility for the thirteen cases, plus other homicides. But, DeSalvo also recanted his confession, blamed others and many pieces implicating him didn’t fit.

Boston area detectives didn’t have Albert DeSalvo on their radar during the early investigation. It wasn’t until late 1965 that DeSalvo surfaced after making a jail-house confession to a cellmate who happened to be represented by high-profile lawyer F. Lee Bailey. Bailey took on DeSalvo’s case and tried to broker a deal with Boston Police and the D.A. It was having Albert DeSalvo ruled criminally insane so he could move from the harsh penitentiary to a comfortable hospital.

The police were very cautious about credibility in DeSalvo’s confession. There was absolutely no physical evidence—at the time—to connect Albert DeSalvo to any of the Strangler scenes. DeSalvo was well known for exaggerating and fabricating stories. Further, DeSalvo seemed wrong about some Strangler scene key facts such as times, mechanisms of death and various evidence points. It seemed to investigators that DeSalvo could have got his information from the news, made some up, or possibly heard it in jail from the real killer.

Albert DeSalvo was written off as a braggart and a pathological attention seeker. He was never charged for the Boston Strangler murders and died in prison in 1973 after being shanked by fellow inmates. The Strangler case sat dormant until 2013 when the Boston PD got special cold case funding from the National Justice Institute. With it, they assembled a team and applied DNA analysis from questioned male biological evidence retrieved at one Strangler death scene and compared it with known DNA extracted from DeSalvo’s exhumed body. The results finally settled the question, “The Boston Strangler—Was it really Albert DeSalvo?”

Boston Strangler Case History

The killings associated with the Boston Strangler serial murder case happened over a 19-month period from the summer of 1962 until the winter of 1964. All victims were females alone in apartments who were killed by manual or ligature strangulation. Some were also stabbed. All were sexually violated in some manner, and most had their nylon stockings cinched around their necks. However, there were marked differences in modus operandi (MO) between the killings. There was also a huge age range. The youngest Strangler-attributed victim was 19. The oldest was 85. Initially, the Strangler case was called the “Silk Stocking Murders”. This label changed when the Boston Sunday Herald ran the July 8, 1962, headline “Mad Strangler Kills Four Women in Boston” after the fourth victim was found. Then, a panic surge swept Boston causing women to arm themselves, buy guard dogs, and rig alarms in their homes.

The print, radio, and TV media industry didn’t help calm peoples’ fears. They sensationalized the Boston Strangler case as Boston’s crime of the century. Interest intensified as the Strangler’s body count grew. Through good investigative journalism and helpful leaks from police officers, much of the Strangler key-fact evidence got published.

Normally, this critical information—only known to the true killer and the principal investigators—would be held back in strictest confidence. Not so with many of the individual Strangler murders. Descriptions of exact ligatures, body posings in lurid sexual positions, and notes allegedly left by the killer appeared in newspapers and on the air.

Another challenge was the multi-jurisdictional overlap in the Greater Boston police departments. Strangler victims surfaced in Cambridge, Salem, Lynn, and Lawrence as well as central Boston. This was the sixties and way before modern communication links in law enforcement. The media had better information channels than the cops and were making case links that seasoned detectives doubted.

The sixties weren’t sophisticated times as forensics and informatics go. But the Boston detectives were no strangers to murders and were well-equipped with gut sense. The wide gap in victim ages, race, social class, crime scene modus operandi and event spacing puzzled the initial investigators. There were so many different patterns that it was hard to believe that, behaviorally, the crimes were committed by one person.

Many officers still believe that today. They feel that more than one killer was at work in the Boston area during that period and to seasoned officers, that makes sense. However, there was one obvious common denominator in all thirteen murders. Not a single scene had any sign of forced entry. Somehow, the killer had to have been let in.

The Boston Strangler Victims

Initially, the Boston Strangler victim list held fifteen names. After a time, two cases were solved and found to be independent perpetrators. The police also proved these assailants were not connected to the unsolved cases they cautiously suspected were the Strangler’s work. Here is the list of victims historically associated with the Boston Strangler.

  1. Anna Slesers – age 56. Found: June 14, 1962, at 77 Gainsborough St., Back Bay, Boston MA. MO: Sexually assaulted with unspecified foreign object. Non-fatally strangled with a belt then fatally strangled with bathrobe cord tied in a bow around neck.
  2. Mary Mullen – age 85. Found: June 28, 1962, at 1435 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA. MO: Sexual assault in progress but died of heart attack during strangulation attempt.
  3. Nina Nichols – age 68. Found: June 30, 1962, at 1940 Commonwealth Ave., Boston MA. MO: Sexually assaulted with a wine bottle. Fatal ligature strangulation with one nylon stocking. Two more postmortem nylon stockings tied around neck in a bow.
  4. Helen Blake – age 65. Found: June 30, 1962, at 73 Newhall St., Lynn MA. MO: Raped and fatally strangled with nylon stockings. Another nylon and bra tied around neck postmortem.
  5. Ida Irga – age 75. Found: August 19, 1962, at 7 Grove St., Beacon Hill, Boston MA. MO: Raped and manually strangled. Pillowcase around neck postmortem.
  6. Jane Sullivan – age 67. Found: August 21, 1962, at 435 Columbia Rd., Dorchester, South Boston, MA. MO: Raped and fatally strangled with nylon stockings.
  7. Sophie Clark – age 20. Found: December 5, 1962, at 315 Huntington Ave., Back Bay, Boston MA. MO: Raped and fatally strangled with nylon stockings. Petticoat wrapped around neck postmortem.
  8. Patricia Bissette – age 23. Found: December 31, 1962, at 515 Park Drive, Back Bay, Boston MA. MO: Raped and fatally strangled with interwoven nylon stockings. Blouse also tied around neck postmortem.
  9. Mary Brown – age 69. Found: March 6, 1963, at 319 Park Ave., Lawrence MA. MO: Raped, bludgeoned with a pipe, stabbed in breasts with fork, and manually strangled. No ligature involved.
  10. Beverly Samans – age 23. Found: May 6, 1963, at 4 University Rd., Cambridge MA. MO: Raped, stabbed four times in neck, twenty-two times in torso. Two scarves and one nylon stocking tied around neck postmortem.
  11. Evelyn Corben – age 58. Found: September 6, 1963, at 224 Lafayette St., Salem MA. MO: Raped, forced to perform oral sex and fatally strangled with two nylon stockings.
  12. Joann Graff – age 23. Found: November 23, 1963, at 54 Essex St., Lawrence MA. MO: Raped, beaten and fatally strangled with nylon stockings. Black leotard wrapped around neck postmortem.
  13. Mary Sullivan – age 19. Found January 4, 1964, at 44-A Charles St., Boston MA. MO: Sexually assaulted with broom handle, forced to perform oral sex, fatally strangled with nylon stocking. Two scarves tied around neck postmortem. Posed on bed with back against wall, legs spread, and hand-written sign placed at feet reading “Happy New Year”.

How Albert DeSalvo Surfaced

Hindsight is a marvelous thing. Many police and forensic investigators wish they were issued it when they started their careers. Hindsight may be 20/20, but that’s not the real world in active, fluid police and forensic worlds.

Analyzing modus operandi, or method of operation, is also a marvelous thing. In hindsight, the Boston Strangler’s MOs appear glaringly obvious. But it’s just not that clear for field investigators on the ground. These professionals had to do the best with what they had at the time. Usually that’s a name and they didn’t have Albert DeSalvo’s as a murder suspect.

Looking back, Albert DeSalvo was proficiently active across the crime spectrum. DeSalvo was a con-man duping people on scams. He boosted cars and broke into businesses. DeSalvo dealt drugs and fenced goods. But what Albert DeSalvo was really good at was scamming innocent people into letting him enter their homes.

Before the Boston Strangler case started, Boston police were baffled by sexual predators called the “Measuring Man” and the “Green Man”. They appeared to be two different entities because of two different MOs. Both behaviors were far from how the Boston Strangler operated.

The Measuring Man started his Boston business in 1960. He was a clean, well-dressed and cheery man who randomly appeared at single ladies apartment doors, confidently portraying himself as a modeling agency rep. The ruse was the lady had been recommended by her anonymous friend to be a model. The Measuring Man was asked in, took critical bust, waist and hip sizes and was never seen again.

The Green Man was more aggressive. He appeared at single women’s apartments dressed in green work clothes. His ruse was repairs, and he was let in to do his job. That turned out to be raping women but leaving them alive. Most gave a very good description, and one victim later led the police to Albert DeSalvo.

Boston police arrested Albert DeSalvo for the Green Man rapes on October 27, 1964. This was eight months after the last Boston Strangler murder. Based on DeSalvos description and distinct Green Man MO, they charged him with multiple counts of rape and related sexual assaults. DeSalvo was held in custody and remanded for a psychiatric assessment. It was the same place and time holding George Nassar.

Albert DeSalvo Meets George Nassar

George Nassar was a violent Boston area criminal. Nassar was also in psychiatric remand for cold-bloodedly killing a gas station attendant during a robbery. He was already convicted of a previous murder. They wrote the penal code for guys like George Nassar, and he’d already checked off most of the boxes.

Somehow, Albert DeSalvo and George Nassar were cell mates. No one except Nassar knows how the conversation started. He’s still alive, but not talking. However, back then, the increasingly high-profile American defense attorney F. Lee Bailey represented George Nassar. Though Nassar and Bailey—Albert DeSalvo confessed to being the Boston Strangler.

F Lee Bailey (front)

This toxic mix of masterful manipulators gave Boston police investigators the willies. Nassar was known as a cruel murderer with sexual deviancy. Bailey was an up-and-coming publicity hound. And Albert DeSalvo had absolutely no priors for anything indicating murder.

Lee Bailey (later famous for clients like Sam Sheppard, Patty Hearst, and OJ Simpson) recorded 50 hours of interviews with DeSalvo producing 20,000 transcript pages. Bailey remained the middleman, and the police never talked to DeSalvo directly.

Boston and other PD detectives carefully analyzed Albert DeSalvo’s statements. They concluded that DeSalvo got may details wrong about the crime scenes, particularly times of death that contradicted autopsy evidence. They also concluded details DeSalvo got right—certain key fact information—could well have come from another capable criminal like George Nassar.

DeSalvo suddenly recanted his confession. Police suspected a ruse between Nassar and DeSalvo to split a reward and get preferred incarceration facilities. DeSalvo was already facing life imprisonment, and Nassar had an appeal shot. Police also mistrusted F. Lee Baily and for a good reason, given Bailey’s track record. Eventually, Bailey goes home. DeSalvo dies. Nassar does life. And the Boston Strangler serial killings go unsolved.

Mary Sullivan and Albert DeSalvo’s Families Join Forces

This might sound like an unlikely joint venture, but the families of Mary Sullivan—13th on the Strangler list—and Albert DeSalvo joined forces to exonerate him. Both families had agendas. DeSalvo’s family wanted his name cleared as the Boston Strangler and Sullivan’s family long suspected a copycat—an associate of Mary Sullivan’s roommate.

The Sullivans and DeSalvos did a private investigation in 2000. The Boston police and other law enforcement agencies weren’t involved. Because both families had next-of-kin and executor powers, they convinced the medical examiner to exhume Mary Sullivan and Albert DeSalvo’s bodies for DNA examination.

Their goal was to isolate the killer’s DNA profile on Mary Sullivan’s remains and a known DNA profile from DeSalvo’s remains. Theoretically, this would link or exonerate the two. This was despite Mary Sullivan decomposing for 36 years and Albert DeSalvo rotting for 27.

They exhumed Mary Sullivan on October 13/14, 2000, from her grave in Hyannis MA. The forensic report of her disinterment and forensic examination is fascinating for the forensically inclined. Foreign DNA signatures developed on what was left of Sullivan’s underwear, pubic hair and head hair. They produced two separate donor profiles through degraded mitochondrial DNA profiling. The question was, “Were they contributed by Albert DeSalvo?”

The DeSalvo family authorized the Medical Examiner to exhume Albert’s body. The private team isolated suitable material and developed a unique DNA profile for Albert DeSalvo. When compared, the foreign DNA on Mary Sullivan clearly wasn’t contributed by Albert DeSalvo. Albert DeSalvo seemed innocent.

For the next 13 years, both families and many others were convinced Albert DeSalvo didn’t murder Mary Sullivan. That wasn’t so with the Boston police who still held the original semen swabs and slides from Mary Sullivan’s autopsy. They were waiting for forensic science to catch up so degraded DNA could be positively processed.

Boston Police Examine Strangler DNA in 2013

Boston and other police departments had no involvement in the 2000 private exhumations and DNA analysis. Neither did the Medical Examiner’s office or District Attorney. They let a privately-funded—and expensive—venture play out and let the private conclusions stand for what they were worth.

The authorities are no fools. They analyzed the private process flaws and waited till technology advanced. By 2013, forensic DNA analysis had three decades under its belt and was far more precise on old, degraded serology swabs and slides like those still retained from Mary Sullivan’s autopsy in 1964.

Two forensic labs worked tandemly to profile mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the foreign, or questioned, semen samples taken at Sullivan’s postmortem. They produced a clear biological picture of her killer. Now, the forensic team needed a known sample from suspects.

For years, Albert DeSalvo was the leading Boston Strangler suspect. Certainly, individual investigators had their personal opinions. But the preponderance of evidence pointed to DeSalvo and the overall modus operandi pointed to all thirteen murders being related.

Now the Boston police and the forensic team needed a known sample from their prime suspect—Albert DeSalvo. The problem was, DeSalvo was dead. Unlike the NOK/family loop that allowed exhumation, the cops had to convince a judge to issue a search warrant.

Again, the authorities are no fools. They needed a live link to the dead for an indicative DNA donor. That lay in a living male relative of Albert DeSalvo and, by now, the cooperative ones had dropped off. The closest living DeSalvo was a nephew. He wasn’t cooperating.

So, the Boston PD did a sting where they surveilled the nephew until he discarded a plastic water bottle. From that, the forensics team developed a Y-Chromosome DNA profile that showed that someone from the DeSalvo male lineage was 99.9% likely to be Sullivan’s foreign sperm donor. This powerful biological indicator provided grounds for a second Albert DeSalvo exhumation, authorized by a court warrant. Direct nuclear DNA from Albert DeSalvo was crucial to precisely proving or disproving the connection.

On July 10, 2013, Boston police and their forensic team once again dug up Albert DeSalvo and extracted DNA from his femur and three teeth. Nine days later, the Boston PD chief, the local DA and the Massachusetts Attorney General jointly announced that Albert DeSalvo’s DNA matched Mary Sullivan’s sperm donor with odds of one in 220 billion of being wrong.

It follows that if Albert DeSalvo’s semen DNA match conclusively links him as Sulivan’s killer, then the intricate MO—the nylon stocking nexus—connects DeSalvo to all thirteen killings. That evidence combination is the holy grail in a serial killer investigation, and there is no doubt—no doubt whatsoever—that the Boston Strangler really was Albert DeSalvo.